78 -- Number of people in file 58 -- Number of events in file === PEOPLE -1 Handel 1685 0 1759 0 5 10 -2 J B S Bach 1685 0 1750 0 5 10 -3 Voltaire 1694 0 1778 0 3 3 -4 Benjamin Franklin 1706 0 1790 0 Statesman, scientist, inventor & author 1 1 -5 JeanJacques Rousseau 1712 0 1778 0 French philosopher & social theorist 3 3 -6 Denis Diderot 1713 0 1784 0 French philosopher 3 3 -7 Louis XV 1715 0 1774 0 3 2 -8 Samuel Adams 1722 0 1803 0 Boston Revolutionary 1 1 -9 Immanuel Kant 1724 0 1804 0 5 3 -10 Catherine the Great 1729 0 1796 0 Tsarina of Russia (1762-1796) 4 2 -11 Franz Joseph Haydn 1732 0 1809 0 Austrian composer 5 10 -12 George Washington 1732 0 1799 0 General & 1st President 1 5 -13 Paul Revere 1735 0 1818 0 Minuteman messenger 1 7 -14 John Adams 1735 0 1826 0 2nd President 1 1 -15 James Watt 1736 0 1819 0 Scottish inventor 2 6 -16 Thomas Paine 1737 0 1809 0 American & French Revolutions Political writer -- "Common Sense" 2 7 -17 George III 1738 0 1820 0 King of England, 1760-1820 2 2 -18 Charles Cornwallis 1738 0 1805 0 Defeated at Yorktown Later, Governor of India 2 5 -19 Benedict Arnold 1741 0 1801 0 Captured Ticonderoga, attacked Quebec. Hero of Saratoga, 1777 1 5 -20 Thomas Jefferson 1743 0 1826 0 Author of Declaration of Independence 1 1 -21 Mikhail Kutusov 1745 0 1813 0 Field Marshal, Russian general 4 5 -22 Jeremy Bentham 1748 0 1832 0 Utilitarian philosopher 2 3 -23 Johann Goethe 1749 0 1832 0 German poet 5 12 -24 James Madison 1751 0 1836 0 President 1 1 -25 Charles Talleyrand 1754 0 1838 0 Diplomat thru several regimes & coups d'etat 3 1 -26 Louis XVI 1754 0 1793 0 King of France; guillotined 3 2 -27 Paul I 1754 0 1801 0 Tsar of Russia 1754-1801 4 2 -28 Nathan Hale 1755 0 1776 0 Patriot, hanged as a spy by the British 1 7 -29 Aaron Burr 1756 0 1836 0 Vice President & rebel Killed Hamilton in a duel 1 1 -30 Wolfgang A. Mozart 1756 0 1791 0 composer 6 10 -31 Alexander Hamilton 1757 0 1806 0 Sec'y of Treasury & Federalist 1 1 -32 Lafayette 1757 0 1834 0 Marquis, general & politician in 2 revolutions 3 5 -33 James Monroe 1758 0 1831 0 1 1 -34 Horatio Nelson 1758 0 1805 0 Admiral, victor of the Nile & Trafalgar 2 5 -35 Robespierre 1758 0 1794 0 French revolutionist; guillotined 3 7 -36 William Pitt 1759 0 1806 0 The Younger, Prime Minister 1783-1801 2 1 -37 Danton 1759 0 1794 0 Leader of the French Revolution 3 7 -38 Andrew Jackson 1767 0 1845 0 General & 7th President 'Old Hickory' 1 5 -39 Napoleon Bonaparte 1769 0 1821 0 General & emperor 3 5 -40 Arthur Wellesley 1769 0 1852 0 Duke of Wellington, victor of Waterloo 2 5 -41 Ludwig van Beethoven 1770 0 1827 0 composer 5 10 -42 Georg Wilhelm Hegel 1770 0 1831 0 5 3 -43 Meriwether Lewis 1774 0 1809 0 Explorer partner of William Clark 1 4 -44 Alexander I 1777 0 1825 0 Czar of Russia 4 2 -45 Henry Clay 1777 0 1852 0 Statesman & orator 1 1 -46 Karl von Clausewitz 1780 0 1831 0 Prussian writer on strategy of total war 5 1 -47 Daniel Webster 1782 0 1852 0 Orator & statesman 1 1 -48 John C. Calhoun 1782 0 1850 0 Statesman 1 1 -49 Michael Faraday 1791 0 1867 0 English scientist & inventor 2 6 -50 Nicholas I 1796 0 1855 0 Tsar of Russia 4 2 -51 David Farragut 1801 0 1870 0 Admiral, victor at Mobile Bay 1 5 -52 Victor Hugo 1802 0 1885 0 3 12 -53 Ralph Waldo Emerson 1803 0 1882 0 Author & Philosopher 1 12 -54 Robert E. Lee 1807 0 1870 0 Confederate General, Army of No. Virginia 1 5 -55 Abraham Lincoln 1809 0 1865 0 1 1 -56 Charles Darwin 1809 0 1882 0 Scientist 2 6 -57 Mendelsohn 1809 0 1847 0 5 10 -58 Frederick Chopin 1810 0 1849 0 20 10 -59 Robert Schumann 1810 0 1856 0 5 10 -60 Franz Liszt 1811 0 1886 0 Composer, father in law of Wagner 7 10 -61 Franz Liszt 1811 0 1886 0 7 10 -62 Charles Dickens 1812 0 1870 0 2 12 -63 Richard Wagner 1813 0 1883 0 Composer & revolutionary 'Tannhauser', 'Der Ring des Nibelungen' 5 10 -64 Guiseppe Verdi 1813 0 1901 0 20 10 -65 Karl Marx 1818 0 1883 0 5 3 -66 Alexander II 1818 0 1881 0 Tsar of Russia (1855-1881) 4 2 -67 Walt Whitman 1819 0 1892 0 Poet 1 12 -68 Victoria 1819 0 1901 0 Queen of England, 1837-1901 2 2 -69 Wm Tecumseh Sherman 1820 0 1891 0 Grant's partner in the West 1 5 -70 Richard Burton 1821 0 1890 0 Explorer & traveler (India, Arabia, Africa) Translator of Arabian Night, Perfumed Garden 2 4 -71 Baudelaire 1821 0 1867 0 3 12 -72 Ulysses S. Grant 1822 0 1885 0 Commander of the Union armies 1 5 -73 Louis Pasteur 1822 0 1895 0 3 6 -74 Thomas J. Jackson 1824 0 1863 0 'Stonewall' 1 5 -75 George B. McClellan 1826 0 1885 0 Union commander, 1862 1 5 -76 J.E.B. Stuart 1833 0 1864 0 Confederate Cavalry General - Lee's right arm 1 5 -77 Pyotr Tchaikovsky 1840 0 1893 0 4 10 -78 Anton Dvorak 1841 0 1904 0 20 10 === EVENTS -1 Newcomen steam pump 1712 0 1712 0 First practical; replaces horsepowered pumps 3 1 1 -2 Marine chronometer 1735 0 1735 0 Enables accurate calculation of longitude 3 1 1 -3 Stamp Act 1765 0 1765 0 1 1 3 -4 Steam engine 1769 0 1769 0 Watt patents his improved steam engine 3 1 1 -5 Kentucky 1769 0 1769 0 Daniel Boone crosses into Kentucky 13 3 1 -6 Lexington 1775 0 1775 0 Shot heard 'round the world 1 1 3 -7 Colonies revolt 1775 0 1783 0 American Revolution 1 1 3 -8 4th of July 1776 0 1776 0 Declaration of Independence 1 3 1 -9 Decline & Fall 1776 0 1776 0 Gibbon publishes D&F of the Roman Empire 11 1 1 -10 Common Sense 1776 0 1776 0 Tom Paine 1 3 1 -11 Wealth of Nations 1776 0 1776 0 Adam Smith 3 1 1 -12 Saratoga 1777 0 1777 0 Turning point of the Revolution 1 3 1 -13 Kant's Critique 1781 0 1781 0 Immanuel Kant's Critique of Pure Reason 11 5 5 -14 Yorktown 1781 0 1781 0 Cornwallis surrenders to Washington 1 3 1 -15 Inquisition ends 1781 0 1781 0 Last execution of the Spanish Inquisition 20 4 4 -16 Treaty of Paris 1783 0 1783 0 Britain recognizes American Independence 1 3 1 -17 Figaro 1786 0 1786 0 Mozart composes "Marriage of Figaro" 10 7 7 -18 Bastille 1789 0 1789 0 Storming of the Bastille 2 2 2 -19 Republic 1792 0 1794 0 French Republic declared 2 2 1 -20 Cotton gin invented 1793 0 1793 0 Eli Whitney's gin makes slavery economical 3 3 1 -21 The Terror 1794 0 1794 0 The Revolution attacks its own 2 2 2 -22 Bonaparte 1794 0 1815 0 Napoleon starts as consul, eventually crowns himself Emperor. Defeated at Waterloo. 5 2 1 -23 Louisiana Purchase 1803 0 1803 0 Almost doubles the size of the US 5 2 3 -24 Emperor Napoleon 1804 0 1804 0 Napoleon crowns himself 5 2 1 -25 Trafalgar 1805 0 1805 0 Nelson destroys Napoleon's navy 5 2 1 -26 Steamboat 1807 0 1807 0 R. Fulton develops first commercial steamboat 3 3 3 -27 Waterloo 1815 0 1815 0 Climatic battle of the Napoleonic wars 5 2 1 -28 New Orleans 1815 0 1815 0 8th Jan, fought after peace was signned 5 1 2 -29 Greek Independence 1821 0 1821 0 Greeks win independence from Turkey 6 20 1 -30 Electric Motor 1822 0 1822 0 Faraday invents the electric motor 3 1 1 -31 First locomotive 1829 0 1829 0 Stephenson's 'Rocket', first reliable engine 3 1 1 -32 Revolution 1830 0 1830 0 Spreads to France, Germany, Italy, & Poland 6 2 5 -33 Telegraph invented 1837 0 1837 0 Morse and Wheatstone/Cooke patent telegraph 3 1 3 -34 Opium War 1842 0 1842 0 Britain annexes Hong Kong 20 1 11 -35 South Pass 1842 0 1842 0 Carson & Fremont discover a major path to the west 13 3 3 -36 Texas 1845 0 1845 0 Annexed by US 20 3 15 -37 Mexican War begins 1846 0 1846 0 20 3 15 -38 Revolution 1848 0 1848 0 Revolutions sweep Europe 6 5 6 -39 Communist Manifesto 1848 0 1848 0 Issued by Marx & Engels 6 5 1 -40 Gold! 1848 0 1848 0 Gold discovered at Sutter's Mill. Triggers CA gold rush. 20 3 3 -41 Crimean War 1854 0 1856 0 War between Turkey & Russia eventually involves Britain & France 2 1 8 -42 Bessemer steel 1856 0 1856 0 Bessemer process permits mass production 3 1 3 -43 Sepoy revolt 1857 0 1857 0 India passes from E. India Co to British Empire 6 12 1 -44 Origin of Species 1859 0 1859 0 Darwin publishes his book 13 1 1 -45 Lake Victoria 1859 0 1859 0 Burton & Speke search for source of the Nile 13 1 1 -46 Internal combustion 1860 0 1860 0 Internal combustion engine invented in France 3 2 2 -47 1st Bull Run 1861 0 1861 0 First major battle of the war 4 3 3 -48 Serfs freed 1861 0 1861 0 Emancipation of the Russian serfs 20 8 8 -49 Germs 1861 0 1861 0 Pasteur forms the germ theory of disease 12 2 2 -50 Civil War 1861 0 1865 0 4 3 3 -51 Gettysburg 1863 0 1863 0 High tide of the Confederacy 4 3 3 -52 Appomattox 1865 0 1865 0 Lee surrenders, effectively ending the war 4 3 3 -53 Transatlantic cable 1866 0 1866 0 First regular cable service between US & Europe 3 1 3 -54 Alaska 1867 0 1867 0 Bought from Russia 20 3 8 -55 Kapital 1867 0 1867 0 Marx publishes first volume of Das Kapital 6 1 5 -56 Franco-Prussian War 1870 0 1870 0 Prussia invades France, unifies Germany 20 2 5 -57 Commune of Paris 1871 0 1871 0 Radicals revolt & set up commune in Paris 20 2 5 -58 Republic 1900 0 1900 0 1 1 1 === FACTIONS -1 American 3 -2 British 6 -3 French 1 -4 Russian 4 -5 German 7 -6 Austrian 7 -7 Hungarian 7 -8 . 7 -9 . 2 -10 . 7 -11 . 7 -12 . 7 -13 . 7 -14 . 7 -15 . 7 -16 . 7 -17 . 7 -18 . 7 -19 . 7 -20 Other 7 === OCCUPATIONS -1 Statesman 3 -2 Ruler 3 -3 Philosopher 7 -4 Explorer 5 -5 Military 2 -6 Scientist 6 -7 Revolutionary 14 -8 . 7 -9 . 7 -10 Composer 3 -11 Artist 3 -12 Poet/Author 3 -13 . 7 -14 . 7 -15 . 7 -16 . 7 -17 . 7 -18 . 7 -19 . 7 -20 . 7 === GROUPS -1 American Revolution 7 -2 French Revolution 6 -3 IndustrialRevolution 5 -4 American Civil War 4 -5 Napoleonic 7 -6 Other Revolutionary 3 -7 7 -8 7 -9 2 -10 Musical 2 -11 Other cultural 2 -12 Scientific 2 -13 Exploration 2 -14 . 7 -15 . 7 -16 . 7 -17 . 7 -18 . 7 -19 . 7 -20 Other 7 === NATIONS -1 Britain 3 -2 France 2 -3 United States 6 -4 Spain 5 -5 German states 5 -6 Italy 2 -7 Austria 5 -8 Russia 2 -9 . 7 -10 . 7 -11 China 7 -12 India 7 -13 . 7 -14 . 7 -15 Mexico 5 -16 . 7 -17 . 7 -18 . 7 -19 . 7 -20 Other 7