Da Vinci Tutorial #1:  Creating a simple landscape.
     By Stephen White

The following functions will be demonstrated by this tutorial:
     Running Da Vinci's art program.
     Loading a picture.
     Adding a frame to an animation.
     Cutting a brush.
     Editing two frames of an animation.
     Clearing the screen.
     Using the airbrush in both of its modes.
     Sizing the airbrush.
     Adjusting the flows of the airbrush.
     Turning the menus on and off.
     Drawing a filled perfect circle.
     Selecting palette colors.
     Selecting a pen tip.
     Setting a palette color cycle range.
     Using freehand draw.
     Using the half smear drawing mode.

Introduction:

     This tutorial was designed to demonstrate how to use a few of 
Da Vinci's features to create a simple landscape, with the 
emphasis of this tutorial being on how to use Da Vinci's airbrush 
and on using the half smear drawing mode.

     Each step of this tutorial is explained in great detail, but 
don't bother reading the entire description of a step which you 
already know how to do.  For example, how to select a palette 
color is explained in this tutorial.  If you already know how to 
select a palette color, then just select the specified palette 
color and skip to the next step.

     For a more thorough description of any of Da Vinci's 
functions, refer to the proper section in Da Vinci's manual.

Create a simple landscape:

Step 1.  Run Da Vinci's art program.
     To run Da Vinci from Desktop, insert disk 1 into a disk 
drive.  Open a directory of that drive.  This is done by double 
clicking on the drive's icon.  If a directory of that drive is 
already open, then press the 'esc' key on the keyboard so that the 
window will show what is on disk 1.  Now, double click on the 
program called DAVINCI.TOS.

Step 2.  Select the disk submenu.
     If the icons are not visible, then press the space bar on the 
keyboard.  Click on the disk icon using the right mouse button.  
The disk submenu should appear.

Step 3.  Load the picture called TUTOR_1.IFF.
     To load a picture, click with the mouse on the "load" button.  
A file selector will appear.  On the left side of the file 
selector, there should be a directory of what is currently on disk 
1.  On disk 1, there should be a subdirectory called PICTURES.  
Double click with the mouse on PICTURES.  The directory should 
change so that now you are looking at what is inside of the 
PICTURES subdirectory.  There should be a picture called 
TUTOR_1.IFF.  Double click on TUTOR_1.IFF.

Step 4.  Select the animation submenu.
     Click on the animation icon using the right mouse button.  
The animation submenu should appear.

Step 5.  Select the add option.
     Press the "add" button.  This will add a frame to the picture 
so that you now have a two frame animation.  Don't get too 
excited, because this tutorial will not animate anything.  You've 
added a frame so that you can have the tutorial's picture on one 
frame, and your own picture on the other frame.

Step 6.  Cut the graphic labeled "grass" as a brush.
     To cut a brush, click on the brush icon with the left mouse 
button (or press 'b' on the keyboard).  The brush icon should 
become highlighted.  Move the mouse to the top left corner of the 
graphic labeled "grass".  Cross hairs should be visible.  Move the 
cross hairs until they overlap the very top and the leftmost pixel 
(smallest dot of color) of the graphic labeled "grass".  Press and 
hold down the left mouse button.  Now, drag the mouse (move the 
mouse, but don't let go of the mouse button) and position the 
crosshairs so that they overlap the bottom and the rightmost pixel 
of the graphic labeled "grass".  Now, release the mouse button.  
You should now have cut the graphic labeled "grass" as a brush.  
If you messed up, just repeat this step again.

Step 7.  Go to frame 2.
     You are in an animation which has two frames.  You are 
currently editing frame 1 of that animation.  The quickest way to 
go to frame 2 is to press the '+' key on the keyboard.

Step 8.  Clear the screen.
     Frame 2 will look exactly like frame 1.  Press the CLS icon 
with the left mouse button to clear the screen.  The entire screen 
should now be a light blue color.

Step 9.  Select the airbrush submenu.
     Click on the airbrush icon using the right mouse button.  The 
animation submenu should appear.

Step 10.  Select the "palette" option.
     Press the "palette" button.  The button should now be 
shown as depressed.

Step 11.  Size the airbrush to a small size.  Just barely bigger 
than the mouse pointer, will do nicely.
     Click on the "size" button.  Move the mouse onto the center 
of the picture.  Press and hold down the left mouse button.  Now, 
while still depressing the mouse button, move the mouse.  An 
ellipse should appear.  The ellipse shows the size of the 
airbrush's nozzle.  Adjust the ellipse to the desired size, and 
release the mouse button.

Step 12.  Adjust the individual flows for the colors of yellow 
through dark green.  Set the flows in a stairstep pattern so that 
yellow has almost no flow, the next color has a little more flow, 
the next color has even more flow, and the last color has the most 
(maximum) flow.  Also, make certain that all other unnecessary 
flows are turned off.
     When using the palette mode, Da Vinci's airbrush will spray 
using the selected palette colors.  Each palette color has its own 
flow slider bar.  If a palette color's slider bar is at the 
bottom, then that palette color will not be used.  Else, the 
slider bar shows how frequently that particular color is desired.  
For example, if only two colors were being used, and the first 
color's slider bar is set to maximum, and the second color's 
slider bar is set to half of maximum, then the first color will be 
sprayed by the airbrush twice as often as the second color.
     All colors that are going to be used are shown highlighted 
(the color has a frame around it).  A quick way to turn off a 
color so that it will not be sprayed is to click on the unwanted 
highlighted color.  The color will turn off, and will no longer be 
highlighted.  Note that clicking on an unhighlighted color will 
turn that color on.
     To adjust the flow of a color, simply press and hold down the 
left mouse button on top of the slider of that color.  Now, drag 
the mouse up and down to move the slider up and down.  All the way 
up is maximum flow, and all the way down is no flow.

Step 13.  Turn off the menus.
     The menus can be toggled on and off by pressing the space 
bar.

Step 14.  Airbrush the grass onto the bottom of the screen.  Spray 
across the entire width of the bottom of the screen.  Take your 
time.
     Move the mouse pointer to the bottom of the screen.  Press 
and hold the left mouse button.  While holding the mouse button, 
move the mouse back and forth along the bottom of the screen.

Step 15.  Go to frame 1.
     The quickest way to get to frame 1 is to press the '-' key.

Step 16.  Cut the graphic labeled "tree" as a brush.
     Refer to step 6 if you need help.  Remember that the menus 
can be toggled on by pressing the space bar.

Step 17.  Go to frame 2.
     The quickest way to get to frame 2 is to press the '+' key.

Step 18.  Position the tree so that it sits in the grass, somewhere 
on the left side of the screen.
     Remember that the menus can be toggled off by pressing the 
space bar.  Also, the screen slider, located at the far right of 
the menus, can be used to adjust your view of the picture.

Step 19.  Go to frame 1.
     The quickest way to get to frame 1 is to press the '-' key.

Step 20.  Select the airbrush submenu.
     Refer to step 9 if you need help.

Step 21.  Select the "brush" option.
     Press the "brush" button.  Now, the "brush" button should be 
highlighted.

Step 22.  Size the airbrush to just a little bit larger than 
before.
     Refer to step 12 if you need help.

Step 23.  Turn off the menus.
     Press the space bar to toggle the visibility of the menus.

Step 24.  Airbrush leaves onto the tree.
     Move the mouse pointer so that it is pointing at the tops of 
the branches of the tree.  Press and hold the mouse button to 
airbrush the leaves.  While holding the mouse button, move the 
mouse back and forth across the branches.  If you do not like the 
result, then click on the undo icon (or press the 'undo' key on 
the keyboard) to erase what you have drawn, and try airbrushing 
the leaves again.

Step 25.  Turn on the menus.
     Press the space bar to toggle the visibility of the menus.

Step 26.  Select the yellow palette color.
     The palette colors are shown at the top of the menus.  Place 
the mouse pointer on top of the desired color, and press the left 
mouse button.

Step 27.  Select the ellipse submenu.
     Click on the ellipse icon with the right mouse button.  The 
ellipse submenu should appear.

Step 28.  Select the perfect circle option.
     On the ellipse submenu, there will be two icons which look 
like ellipses.  The rightmost of these two icons is the perfect 
circle icon.  Selecting this icon will force any ellipse which is 
drawn to be a perfect circle instead of just an ellipse.

Step 29.  Select the filled ellipse option.
     On the ellipse submenu, there is a fill icon (a paint can 
spilling paint).  If that icon is not highlighted, then click on 
that icon.  The icon should highlight.  Now, when you draw an 
ellipse, the ellipse will be filled, instead of just an outline.

Step 30.  Make certain that the "to brush" option is not 
highlighted.
     On the ellipse submenu, there is a brush icon.  If that icon 
is highlighted, then click on that icon.  The icon should de-
highlight.

Step 30.  Turn off the menus.
     Press the space bar to toggle the visibility of the menus.

Step 31.  Draw a sun (filled circle) in the upper right of the 
screen.
     Position the mouse where you want the center of the sun to 
be.  Press and hold down the left mouse button.  Now, drag the 
mouse away from where you first pressed the mouse button.  A 
filled ellipse should be drawn.  Size the ellipse to the size that 
you want your sun to be, then release the mouse button.

Step 32.  Select freehand draw.
     The leftmost icon on the icon strip is the freehand draw 
icon.  Click on that icon to select freehand draw.  Remember that 
the menus are toggled on by pressing the space bar.

Step 33.  Select to use the third pentip (the largest circular 
pentip).
     On most of the drawing tools menus, there is a strip of ten 
icons which show the ten available pentips.  Click on the third 
pentip from the left.
     Another way to select a pentip is to press the '.' key on the 
keyboard.  Pressing that key selects the left most pentip (a 
single pixel).  Now, press the 'x' key on the keyboard to switch 
to the next pentip.  Pressing the 'z' key on the keyboard will 
switch to the previous pentip.
     In the tutorial, to select the third pentip from the left, 
press the following key combination: '.xx'.

Step 34.  Select the white palette color.
     Refer to step 26 if you need help.

Step 35.  Go to the palette submenu.
     Click on the palette icon with the right mouse button.  The 
palette submenu should appear.

Step 36.  Set the current color cycle range to range from light 
blue to white.
     At the top of the palette submenu, there is a smaller version 
of the palette.  Click on the light blue color.  The color should 
then become highlighted.  Now, press the "range" button.  Now, 
click on the white color.  There should be a line drawn connecting 
the two colors.

Step 37.  Draw some white clouds in the sky.
     Remember that pressing the space bar toggles the visibility 
of the menus.

Step 38.  Go to the drawing mode submenu.
     Click with the right mouse button on the drawing mode icon 
(looks like a brush with an 'm' beside it).  The drawing mode 
submenu should appear.

Step 39.  Select the "half smear" drawing mode.
     Press the "half smear" button (or press the 'F7' key on the 
keyboard).

Step 40.  Half smear the edges of the clouds.
     Move the mouse to the edge of a cloud.  Press and hold the 
left mouse button.  While holding the mouse button, move the mouse 
back and forth across the sky and the edge of the cloud.  Notice 
that the other colors in the current color cycle range are getting 
smeared.  Half smear smears with averages of colors in the current 
color cycle range so that, in this case, smearing light blue onto 
white or white onto light blue causes several other shades in 
between the two colors to be generated.

Step 41.  Pat yourself on the back.  You are done with your simple 
landscape.