Da Vinci Quick Reference Guide By Stephen White I. Free Hand Draw. Description: The free hand drawing tool allows you to "paint" with the current brush onto the picture. To draw with the free hand drawing tool, move the mouse pointer on top of the picture, and position the current brush where you would like to draw. Press either mouse button to begin drawing, and release the mouse button to end drawing. Refer to the section on the drawing modes for a better understanding of which mouse button to press. Selecting free hand draw from the menu: The free hand draw icon is the leftmost icon on the main strip of icons. To just select the free hand draw, click with the left mouse button on the free hand draw icon. To select both the free hand draw and its submenu, click with the right mouse button on the free hand draw icon. Selecting free hand draw from the keyboard: Pressing the 'D' key on the keyboard will select free hand draw. 1. Pen tips. Description: The pen tips are simple, pre-defined brushes. Selecting a pen tip will cause that pen tip to become the current brush. Selecting a pen tip from the free hand draw submenu: The available pen tips are shown at the top of the free hand draw submenu. To select to use a pen tip, click with the left mouse button on top of the desired pentip. Selecting a pen tip from the keyboard: Pressing the '.' key on the keyboard will select the single pixel pen tip. If you are currently using a pen tip, other pen tips can be selected by pressing either the 'X' or the 'Z' key on the keyboard. 2. "Connected" mode. Description: The "connected" mode specifies that no matter how quickly you move the mouse while drawing, no breaks or gaps will occurr in what is being drawn. Selecting the "connected" mode from the free hand draw submenu: There are three icons near the center of the free hand draw submenu. The leftmost icon is used to specify that the free hand draw should be in the "connected" mode. Click with the left mouse button on top of this icon to select the "connected" mode. Selecting the "connected" mode from the keyboard: Pressing the 'D' key on the keyboard while holding down a shift key will cause the "connected" mode to toggle on or off. 3. "Unconnected" mode. Description: The "unconnected" mode specifies that you don't mind there being gaps in drawing when the mouse moves quickly. Selecting the "unconnected" mode from the free hand draw submenu: There are three icons near the center of the free hand draw submenu. The middle icon is used to specify that the free hand draw should be in the "unconnected" mode. Click with the left mouse button on top of this icon to select the "unconnected" mode. Selecting the "unconnected" mode from the keyboard: Pressing the 'D' key on the keyboard while holding down a shift key will cause the "unconnected" mode to toggle on or off. 4. Auto Connect. Description: If Auto Connect is on, then Da Vinci will switch between the "connected" mode and the "unconnected" mode intuitively, depending on what is currently being done. Turning on/off the Auto Connect from the free hand draw submenu: The Auto Connect bubble gadget is located at the bottom of the free hand draw submenu. If the bubble is filled, then Auto Connect is on. If the bubble is not filled, then Auto Connect is off. To change the state of the Auto Connect, click with the left mouse button on the Auto Connect's bubble gadget. 5. Filled shape. Description: The filled shape drawing tool allows you to draw a shape on the picture which will be filled by the current fill style. To draw a filled shape, move the mouse pointer to the place on the picture where you want the filled shape to start. Next, press and hold down a mouse button. While holding down the mouse button, move the mouse and draw the shape which you want filled. When you are done drawing the shape, release the mouse button and the shape will be filled. Refer to the section on the drawing modes for a better understanding of which mouse button to use. It should be noted that the filled shape drawing tool is really a totally different drawing tool than the free hand drawing tool. For example, selecting the free hand drawing tool in any way will turn off the filled shape drawing tool. Selecting the filled shape drawing tool from the free hand draw submenu: There are three icons near the center of the free hand draw submenu. The rightmost icon is used to select the filled shape drawing tool. Click with the left mouse button on top of this icon. Selecting the filled shape drawing tool from the keyboard: Pressing the 'V' key on the keyboard will select the filled shape drawing tool. II. Line Draw. Description: The line drawing tool allows you to have a line drawn between two points. There are three different types of line draws: single line draw, connected line draw, and rays. Selecting the line drawing tool from the menu: The line draw icon is the second icon from the left on the main strip of icons. To just select the line draw, click with the left mouse button on the line draw icon. To select both the line draw and its submenu, click with the right mouse button on the line draw icon. Selecting the line draw tool from the keyboard: Pressing the 'L' key on the keyboard will select the line draw tool. Pressing the 'L' key on the keyboard while holding down a shift key will select the line draw tool and set the current line draw type to the single line type. 1. Pen tips. Description: The pen tips are simple, pre-defined brushes. Selecting a pen tip will cause that pen tip to become the current brush. Selecting a pen tip from the line draw submenu: The available pen tips are shown at the top of the line draw submenu. To select to use a pen tip, click with the left mouse button on top of the desired pentip. Selecting a pen tip from the keyboard: Pressing the '.' key on the keyboard will select the single pixel pen tip. If you are already using a pen tip, other pen tips can be selected by pressing either the 'X' or the 'Z' key on the keyboard. 2. Single line draw. Description: The single line drawing tool allows you to draw a line between two points, and then repeat the process for a new line. To use the single line drawing tool, move the mouse pointer to the place on the picture where you would like the line to start. Next, press and hold a mouse button. While holding down the mouse button, move the mouse pointer to the point where you want the line to end. Lastly, release the mouse button. Refer to the section on drawing modes for a better understanding of which mouse button to press. Selecting the single line draw from the line draw submenu: There are four icons near the center of the line draw submenu. The leftmost icon is used to select the single line drawing tool. Click with the left mouse button on top of this icon. Selecting the single line draw from the keyboard: Press the 'L' key on the keyboard while holding down a shift key to select the single line draw. 3. Connected line draw. Description: The connected line drawing tool allows you to draw multiple lines with the start of each line connected to the end of the previous line drawn. To draw with the connected line drawing tool, move the mouse pointer to the place on the picture where you want the lines to start. Next, press and hold a mouse button. While holding down the mouse button, move the mouse pointer to where you want the first line to end. Next, release the mouse button. If you want another line to be drawn, press and hold a mouse button, then move the mouse pointer to where you want that line ended, and release the button. Repeating this process will cause multiple connected lines to be drawn. Refer to the section on the drawing modes for a better understanding of which mouse button to use. To start a new set of connected lines, simply reselect the connected line drawing tool. Selecting the connected line draw from the line draw submenu: There are four icons near the center of the line draw submenu. The second icon from the left is used to select the connected line drawing tool. Click with the left mouse button on top of this icon. 4. Rays. Description: The ray drawing tool allows you to draw multiple lines with the start of each line connected to the same point. To draw with the rays drawing tool, move the mouse pointer to the place on the picture where you want all of the lines to start. Next, press and hold a mouse button. While holding down the mouse button, move the mouse pointer to where you want the first line to end. Next, release the mouse button. If you want another line to be drawn, press and hold a mouse button, then move the mouse pointer to where you want that line ended, and release the button. Repeating this process will cause multiple lines which share the same starting point to be drawn. Refer to the section on the drawing modes for a better understanding of which mouse button to use. To set a new starting point, simply reselect the ray drawing tool. Selecting the ray drawing tool from the line draw submenu: There are four icons near the center of the line draw submenu. The second icon from the right is used to select the ray drawing tool. Click with the left mouse button on top of this icon. 5. Quick draw. Description: When you are positioning a line, the line may be redrawn several times. If you are using a large brush, it may take a while for each line to be drawn. Quick draw will allow you to position the line using a simple XOR line. Once you have positioned the line and released the mouse button, the actual line will be drawn. Selecting quick draw from the line draw submenu: There are four icons near the center of the line draw submenu. The rightmost icon is used to toggle on/off the quick draw. Click with the left mouse button on top of this icon to change the state of the quick draw. 6. Segmentation: none. Description: Each line drawn can be segmented (drawn by an unconnected set of points). There are two different types of segmentation: by distance and by number of points. The current type of segmentation is shown at the bottom of the line draw submenu. If the "none" buble gadget is filled, then there isn't any segmentation. Selecting no segmentation from the line draw submenu: On the bottom half of the line draw submenu there is a bubble gadget labeled "none". Clicking with the left mouse button on this bubble gadget will cause lines to not be segmented. 7. Segmentation: by distance. Description: Segmenting a line by distance causes that line to be drawn by individual points drawn at a specified distance apart. For example, if the distance was equal to 3, then the line would be drawn by a set of points exactly 3 pixels apart. The distance is specified by the numerical field labeled "amount:". Selecting segmentation by distance from the line draw submenu: On the bottom half of the line draw submenu there is a bubble gadget labeled "by distance". Clicking with the left mouse button on this bubble gadget will cause the lines to be segmented by distance. 8. Segmentation: by number of points. Description: Segmenting a line by number of points causes the line to be drawn using only a specified number of points. For example, if the number of points was equal to 4, then a line drawn will be drawn using exactly 4 points. Each point would be spaced proportionally apart. The number of points is specified by the numerical field labeled "amount:". Selecting segmentation by number of points from the line draw submenu: On the bottom half of the line draw submenu there is a bubble gadget labeled "by # of points". Clicking with the left mouse button on this bubble gadget will cause the lines to be segmented by number of points. 9. Segmentation: amount. Description: The amount numerical field is used to specify either the distance between points drawn or the total number of points drawn, depending on which type of segmentation is being used. Changing the amount numerical field: To specify a new amount, click with the left mouse button on the numerical field. A cursor will appear. Type in the new amount wanted, and press the return key on the keyboard. Use the cursor keys, the backspace key, the delete key, the undo key, and the esc key as needed. 10. Aborting a line currently being drawn. Description: While a line is being drawn, it can be aborted by pressing the esc key on the keyboard. Aborting a line using the keyboard: Press the esc key on the keyboard to abort a line which is currently being drawn. III. Bezier curve. Description: The bezier curve drawing tool allows you to easily draw a complex curve. The curve is defined by four control points. To draw a bezier curve, move the mouse pointer to the place on the picture where you want the bezier curve to start. Click and release a mouse button, and the starting control point will appear. Move the mouse pointer in the general direction of where you want the curve to travel. Click and release a mouse button, and a second control point will appear. Move the mouse pointer farther in the general direction of the where you want the curve to travel. Click and release a mouse button, and a third control point will appear. Move the mouse pointer to where you want the curve to end. Click and release a mouse button, and the ending control point will appear. Also, the bezier curve itself will be drawn. If you want to adjust the bezier curve, click and hold a mouse button near the control point which you wish to adjust. While holding down the mouse button, move the mouse pointer to where you would like to move the control point to, then let go of the mouse button. Any point can be adjusted any number of times. When you are finished adjusting the curve, click the right mouse button and the curve will be drawn for real, and this entire process can be repeated to draw a new bezier curve. Refer to the section on drawing modes for a better understanding of which mouse button to use. Selecting the bezier curve drawing tool from the menu: The bezier curve icon is the third icon from the left on the main strip of icons. To just select the bezier curve, click with the left mouse button on the bezier curve icon. To select both the bezier curve and its submenu, click with the right mouse button on the bezier curve icon. Selecting the bezier curve drawing tool from the keyboard: Press the 'C' key on the keyboard to select the bezier curve drawing tool. 1. Pen tips. Description: The pen tips are simple, pre-defined brushes. Selecting a pen tip will cause that pen tip to become the current brush. Selecting a pen tip from the bezier curve submenu: The available pen tips are shown at the top of the bezier curve submenu. To select to use a pen tip, click with the left mouse button on top of the desired pentip. Selecting a pen tip from the keyboard: Pressing the '.' key on the keyboard will select the single pixel pen tip. If you are already using a pen tip, other pen tips can be selected by pressing either the 'X' or the 'Z' key on the keyboard. 2. Quick draw. Description: When you are adjusting the control points of a bezier curve, the bezier curve may be redrawn several times. If you are using a large brush, it may take a while for each bezier curve to be drawn. Quick draw will allow you to readjust the control points using a simple XOR bezier curve. Once you have finished adjusting the bezier curve and pressed the right mouse button, the actual bezier curve will be drawn. Selecting quick draw from the bezier curve submenu: Beneath the pen tip icons on the bezier curve submenu, there is a single icon. That icon is used to toggle on/off the quick draw. Click with the left mouse button on top of this icon to change the state of the quick draw. 3. Segmentation: none. Description: Each bezier curve drawn can be segmented (drawn by an unconnected set of points). There are two different types of segmentation: by distance and by number of points. The current type of segmentation is shown at the bottom of the bezier curve submenu. If the "none" buble gadget is filled, then there isn't any segmentation. Selecting no segmentation from the bezier curve submenu: On the bottom half of the bezier curve submenu there is a bubble gadget labeled "none". Clicking with the left mouse button on this bubble gadget will cause bezier curves to not be segmented. 4. Segmentation: by distance. Description: Segmenting a bezier curve by distance causes that bezier curve to be drawn by individual points drawn at a specified distance apart. For example, if the distance was equal to 3, then the bezier curve would be drawn by a set of points exactly 3 pixels apart. The distance is specified by the numerical field labeled "amount:". Selecting segmentation by distance from the bezier curve submenu: On the bottom half of the bezier curve submenu there is a bubble gadget labeled "by distance". Clicking with the left mouse button on this bubble gadget will cause the bezier curves to be segmented by distance. 5. Segmentation: by number of points. Description: Segmenting a bezier curve by number of points causes the bezier curve to be drawn using only a specified number of points. For example, if the number of points was equal to 4, then a bezier curve drawn will be drawn using exactly 4 points. Each point would be spaced proportionally apart. The number of points is specified by the numerical field labeled "amount:". Selecting segmentation by number of points from the bezier curve submenu: On the bottom half of the bezier curve submenu there is a bubble gadget labeled "by # of points". Clicking with the left mouse button on this bubble gadget will cause the bezier curves to be segmented by number of points. 6. Segmentation: amount. Description: The amount numerical field is used to specify either the distance between points drawn or the total number of points drawn, depending on which type of segmentation is being used. Changing the amount numerical field: To specify a new amount, click with the left mouse button on the numerical field. A cursor will appear. Type in the new amount wanted, and press the return key on the keyboard. Use the cursor keys, the backspace key, the delete key, the undo key, and the esc key as needed. IV. Rectangle. Description: The rectangle drawing tools allow you to easily draw both filled and unfilled rectangles. Also, a rectangle drawing tool can be used to quickly create a rectangular brush. Selecting the rectangle drawing tool from the menu: The rectangle icon is the fourth icon from the left on the main strip of icons. To just select the rectangle drawing tool, click with the left mouse button on the rectangle icon. To select both the rectangle drawing tool and its submenu, click with the right mouse button on the rectangle icon. Selecting the rectangle drawing tool from the keyboard: Press the 'R' key on the keyboard to select the unfilled rectangle drawing tool. Press the 'R' key on the keyboard while holding down a shift key to select the filled rectangle drawing tool. Press the 'W' key on the keyboard to select the filled rectangle to brush option. 1. Pen tips. Description: The pen tips are simple, pre-defined brushes. Selecting a pen tip will cause that pen tip to become the current brush. Selecting a pen tip from the rectangle submenu: The available pen tips are shown at the top of the rectangle submenu. To select to use a pen tip, click with the left mouse button on top of the desired pentip. Selecting a pen tip from the keyboard: Pressing the '.' key on the keyboard will select the single pixel pen tip. If you are already using a pen tip, other pen tips can be selected by pressing either the 'X' or the 'Z' key on the keyboard. 2. Unfilled rectangle. Description: The unfilled rectangle drawing tool draws a rectangle by drawing the four sides of the rectangle using line draws with the current brush. To draw an unfilled rectangle, move the mouse pointer to the place on the picture where you want either the upper left or the lower right corner of the rectangle to start. Press and hold a mouse button. While pressing the mouse button, move the mouse pointer to where you want the opposite corner of the rectangle to be drawn. Lastly, release the mouse button. Refer to the section on drawing modes for a better understanding of which mouse button to press. Selecting the unfilled rectangle drawing tool from the rectangle submenu: Beneath the pen tip icons on the rectangle submenu, there are five icons. The leftmost icon is the rectangle option and the center icon is the filled rectangle option. Click with the left mouse button on the rectangle option icon. Also, make certain that the filled rectangle option is not highlighted. If the filled rectangle option icon is highlighted, then click with the left mouse button on the filled rectangle option icon. Selecting the unfilled rectangle drawing tool from the keyboard: Press the 'R' key on the keyboard to select the unfilled rectangle drawing tool. If the perfect square option is currently highlighted, then the unfilled square drawing tool will be selected. 3. Filled rectangle. Description: The filled rectangle drawing tool draws a rectangle by replacing a rectangular area of the screen with the current fill. Refer to the section on the fill drawing tool for a better understanding of fill types. To draw a filled rectangle, move the mouse pointer to the place on the picture where you want either the upper left or the lower right corner of the filled rectangle to start. Press and hold a mouse button. While pressing the mouse button, move the mouse pointer to where you want the opposite corner of the filled rectangle to be drawn. Lastly, release the mouse button. Selecting the filled rectangle drawing tool from the rectangle submenu: Beneath the pen tip icons on the rectangle submenu, there are five icons. The leftmost icon is the rectangle option, the center icon is the filled rectangle option, and the rightmost icon is the "to brush" option. Click with the left mouse button on the rectangle option icon. Also, make certain that the filled rectangle option is highlighted. If the filled rectangle option icon is not highlighted, then click with the left mouse button on the filled rectangle option icon. Lastly, make certain that the "to brush" option icon is not hightlighted. If the "to brush" option icon is highlighted, then click with the left mouse button on the "to brush" option icon. Selecting the filled rectangle drawing tool from the keyboard: Press the 'R' key on the keyboard while holding down a shift key to select the filled rectangle drawing tool. 4. Unfilled square. Description: The unfilled square drawing tool draws a visually perfect square. The four sides of the square are drawn using line draws with the current brush. To draw an unfilled square, move the mouse pointer to the place on the picture where you want either the upper left or the lower right corner of the square to start. Press and hold a mouse button. While pressing the mouse button, move the mouse pointer to where you want the opposite corner of the square to be drawn. Lastly, release the mouse button. Refer to the section on drawing modes for a better understanding of which mouse button to press. Selecting the unfilled rectangle drawing tool from the rectangle submenu: Beneath the pen tip icons on the rectangle submenu, there are five icons. The second icon from the left is the perfect square option and the center icon is the filled rectangle option. Click with the left mouse button on the perfect square option icon. Also, make certain that the filled rectangle option is not highlighted. If the filled rectangle option icon is highlighted, then click with the left mouse button on the filled rectangle option icon. Selecting the unfilled square drawing tool from the keyboard: Press the 'R' key on the keyboard to select the unfilled square drawing tool. If the perfect square option is currently not highlighted, then the unfilled rectangle drawing tool will be selected. 5. Filled square. Description: The filled square drawing tool draws a visually perfect square by replacing a square area of the screen with the current fill. Refer to the section on the fill drawing tool for a better understanding of fill types. To draw a filled square, move the mouse pointer to the place on the picture where you want either the upper left or the lower right corner of the filled square to start. Press and hold a mouse button. While pressing the mouse button, move the mouse pointer to where you want the opposite corner of the filled square to be drawn. Lastly, release the mouse button. Selecting the filled square drawing tool from the rectangle submenu: Beneath the pen tip icons on the rectangle submenu, there are five icons. The second icon from the left is the perfect square option, the center icon is the filled rectangle option, and the rightmost icon is the "to brush" option. Click with the left mouse button on the perfect square option icon. Also, make certain that the filled rectangle option is highlighted. If the filled rectangle option icon is not highlighted, then click with the left mouse button on the filled rectangle option icon. Lastly, make certain that the "to brush" option icon is not hightlighted. If the "to brush" option icon is highlighted, then click with the left mouse button on the "to brush" option icon. Selecting the filled square drawing tool from the keyboard: Press the 'R' key on the keyboard while holding down a shift key to select the filled square drawing tool. If the perfect square option is not highlighted, then the filled rectangle drawing tool will be selected. 6. Filled rectangle to brush. Description: The filled rectangle to brush tool is used to quickly create a rectangular brush. This tool functions exactly like the filled rectangle drawing tool except that after the filled rectangle has been drawn it is cut as the current brush and the drawn filled rectangle is undo-ed. To use the filled rectangle to brush tool, move the mouse pointer onto the picture where you will have room to draw a rectangle of the desired size. The position of the mouse is where either the upper left or the lower right corner of the filled rectangle will be positioned. Press and hold a mouse button. While pressing the mouse button, move the mouse pointer until a filled rectangle of the desired size has been drawn. Lastly, release the mouse button. The drawn rectangle will be used as the current brush, and the filled rectangle will be undo-ed off of the picture. Selecting the filled rectangle to brush tool from the rectangle submenu: Beneath the pen tip icons on the rectangle submenu, there are five icons. The leftmost icon is the rectangle option, the center icon is the filled rectangle option, and the rightmost icon is the "to brush" option. Click with the left mouse button on the rectangle option icon. Also, make certain that the filled rectangle option is highlighted. If the filled rectangle option icon is not highlighted, then click with the left mouse button on the filled rectangle option icon. Lastly, make certain that the "to brush" option icon is hightlighted. If the "to brush" option icon is not highlighted, then click with the left mouse button on the "to brush" option icon. Selecting the filled rectangle to brush tool from the keyboard: Press the 'W' key on the keyboard to select the filled rectangle to brush tool. If the perfect square option is highlighted, then the filled square to brush tool will be selected. 7. Filled square to brush. Description: The filled square to brush tool is used to quickly create a perfectly square brush. This tool functions exactly like the filled square drawing tool except that after the filled square has been drawn it is cut as the current brush and the drawn filled square is undo-ed. To use the filled square to brush tool, move the mouse pointer onto the picture where you will have room to draw a square of the desired size. The position of the mouse is where either the upper left or the lower right corner of the filled square will be positioned. Press and hold a mouse button. While pressing the mouse button, move the mouse pointer until a filled square of the desired size has been drawn. Lastly, release the mouse button. The drawn square will be used as the current brush, and the filled square will be undo-ed off of the picture. Selecting the filled square to brush tool from the rectangle submenu: Beneath the pen tip icons on the rectangle submenu, there are five icons. The second icon from the lefft is the perfect square option, the center icon is the filled rectangle option, and the rightmost icon is the "to brush" option. Click with the left mouse button on the perfect square option icon. Also, make certain that the filled rectangle option is highlighted. If the filled rectangle option icon is not highlighted, then click with the left mouse button on the filled rectangle option icon. Lastly, make certain that the "to brush" option icon is hightlighted. If the "to brush" option icon is not highlighted, then click with the left mouse button on the "to brush" option icon. Selecting the filled square to brush tool from the keyboard: Press the 'W' key on the keyboard to select the filled square to brush tool. If the perfect square option is not highlighted, then the filled rectangle to brush tool will be selected. 8. Quick draw. Description: When you are sizing an unfilled rectangle or square, the rectangle/square may be redrawn several times. If you are using a large brush, it may take a while for each rectangle/square to be drawn. Quick draw will allow you to size the rectangle/square using a simple XOR rectangle/square. Once you have positioned the rectangle/square and released the mouse button, the actual rectangle/square will be drawn. Selecting quick draw from the rectangle submenu: There are five icons near the center of the rectangle submenu. The second icon from the right is used to toggle on/off the quick draw. Click with the left mouse button on top of this icon to change the state of the quick draw. 9. Segmentation: none. Description: Each unfilled rectangle/square drawn can be segmented (drawn by an unconnected set of points). There are two different types of segmentation: by distance and by number of points. The current type of segmentation is shown at the bottom of the rectangle submenu. If the "none" buble gadget is filled, then there isn't any segmentation. Selecting no segmentation from the rectangle submenu: On the bottom half of the rectangle submenu there is a bubble gadget labeled "none". Clicking with the left mouse button on this bubble gadget will cause unfilled rectangles/squares to not be segmented. 10. Segmentation: by distance. Description: Segmenting an unfilled rectangle/square by distance causes each side of that rectangle/square to be drawn by individual points drawn at a specified distance apart. For example, if the distance was equal to 3, then each side of the rectangle/square would be drawn by a set of points exactly 3 pixels apart. The distance is specified by the numerical field labeled "amount:". Selecting segmentation by distance from the rectangle submenu: On the bottom half of the rectangle submenu there is a bubble gadget labeled "by distance". Clicking with the left mouse button on this bubble gadget will cause the unfilled rectangles/squares to be segmented by distance. 11. Segmentation: by number of points. Description: Segmenting an unfilled rectangle/square by number of points causes each side of a rectangle/square to be drawn using only a specified number of points. For example, if the number of points was equal to 4, then each side of the rectangle/square drawn will be drawn using exactly 4 points. Each point would be spaced proportionally apart. The number of points is specified by the numerical field labeled "amount:". Selecting segmentation by number of points from the rectangle submenu: On the bottom half of the rectangle submenu there is a bubble gadget labeled "by # of points". Clicking with the left mouse button on this bubble gadget will cause unfilled rectangles/squares to be segmented by number of points. 12. Segmentation: amount. Description: The amount numerical field is used to specify either the distance between points drawn or the total number of points drawn, depending on which type of segmentation is being used. Changing the amount numerical field: To specify a new amount, click with the left mouse button on the numerical field. A cursor will appear. Type in the new amount wanted, and press the return key on the keyboard. Use the cursor keys, the backspace key, the delete key, the undo key, and the esc key as needed. 13. Aborting an unfilled rectangle or square which is currently being drawn. Description: While an unfilled rectangle or square is being drawn, it can be aborted by pressing the esc key on the keyboard. Aborting an unfilled rectangle or square using the keyboard: Press the esc key on the keyboard to abort an unfilled rectangle or square which is currently being drawn. V. Ellipse. Description: The ellipse drawing tools allow you to easily draw both filled and unfilled ellipses. Also, an ellipse drawing tool can be used to quickly create an ellipse shaped brush. Selecting the ellipse drawing tool from the menu: The ellipse icon is the fifth icon from the left on the main strip of icons. To just select the ellipse drawing tool, click with the left mouse button on the ellipse icon. To select both the ellipse drawing tool and its submenu, click with the right mouse button on the ellipse icon. Selecting the ellipse drawing tool from the keyboard: Press the 'E' key on the keyboard to select the unfilled ellipse drawing tool. Press the 'E' key on the keyboard while holding down a shift key to select the filled ellipse drawing tool. Press the 'Q' key on the keyboard to select the filled ellipse to brush option. 1. Pen tips. Description: The pen tips are simple, pre-defined brushes. Selecting a pen tip will cause that pen tip to become the current brush. Selecting a pen tip from the ellipse submenu: The available pen tips are shown at the top of the ellipse submenu. To select to use a pen tip, click with the left mouse button on top of the desired pentip. Selecting a pen tip from the keyboard: Pressing the '.' key on the keyboard will select the single pixel pen tip. If you are already using a pen tip, other pen tips can be selected by pressing either the 'X' or the 'Z' key on the keyboard. 2. Unfilled ellipse. Description: The unfilled ellipse drawing tool draws an ellipse using the current brush. To draw an unfilled ellipse, move the mouse pointer to the place on the picture where you want the center of the ellipse to start. Press and hold a mouse button. While pressing the mouse button, move the mouse pointer until the ellipse is the desired size. Lastly, release the mouse button. Refer to the section on drawing modes for a better understanding of which mouse button to press. Selecting the unfilled ellipse drawing tool from the ellipse submenu: Beneath the pen tip icons on the ellipse submenu, there are five icons. The leftmost icon is the ellipse option and the center icon is the filled ellipse option. Click with the left mouse button on the ellipse option icon. Also, make certain that the filled ellipse option is not highlighted. If the filled ellipse option icon is highlighted, then click with the left mouse button on the filled ellipse option icon. Selecting the unfilled ellipse drawing tool from the keyboard: Press the 'R' key on the keyboard to select the unfilled ellipse drawing tool. If the perfect square option is currently highlighted, then the unfilled ellipse drawing tool will be selected. 3. Filled ellipse. Description: The filled ellipse drawing tool draws an ellipse by replacing an ellipse shaped area of the screen with the current fill. Refer to the section on the fill drawing tool for a better understanding of fill types. To draw a filled ellipse, move the mouse pointer to the place on the picture where you want the center of the ellipse. Press and hold a mouse button. While pressing the mouse button, move the mouse pointer until the ellipse is the desired size. Lastly, release the mouse button. Selecting the filled ellipse drawing tool from the ellipse submenu: Beneath the pen tip icons on the ellipse submenu, there are five icons. The leftmost icon is the ellipse option, the center icon is the filled ellipse option, and the rightmost icon is the "to brush" option. Click with the left mouse button on the ellipse option icon. Also, make certain that the filled ellipse option is highlighted. If the filled ellipse option icon is not highlighted, then click with the left mouse button on the filled ellipse option icon. Lastly, make certain that the "to brush" option icon is not hightlighted. If the "to brush" option icon is highlighted, then click with the left mouse button on the "to brush" option icon. Selecting the filled ellipse drawing tool from the keyboard: Press the 'E' key on the keyboard while holding down a shift key to select the filled ellipse drawing tool. 4. Unfilled circle. Description: The unfilled circle drawing tool draws a visually perfect circle using the current brush. To draw an unfilled circle, move the mouse pointer to the place on the picture where you want the center of the circle. Press and hold a mouse button. While pressing the mouse button, move the mouse pointer until the circle is the desired size. Lastly, release the mouse button. Refer to the section on drawing modes for a better understanding of which mouse button to press. Selecting the unfilled circle drawing tool from the ellipse submenu: Beneath the pen tip icons on the ellipse submenu, there are five icons. The second icon from the left is the perfect circle option and the center icon is the filled ellipse option. Click with the left mouse button on the perfect circle option icon. Also, make certain that the filled ellipse option is not highlighted. If the filled ellipse option icon is highlighted, then click with the left mouse button on the filled ellipse option icon. Selecting the unfilled circle drawing tool from the keyboard: Press the 'E' key on the keyboard to select the unfilled circle drawing tool. If the perfect circle option is currently not highlighted, then the unfilled ellipse drawing tool will be selected. 5. Filled circle. Description: The filled circle drawing tool draws a visually perfect circle by replacing a circle shaped area of the screen with the current fill. Refer to the section on the fill drawing tool for a better understanding of fill types. To draw a filled circle, move the mouse pointer to the place on the picture where you want the center of the circle. Press and hold a mouse button. While pressing the mouse button, move the mouse pointer until the circle is the desired size. Lastly, release the mouse button. Selecting the filled circle drawing tool from the ellipse submenu: Beneath the pen tip icons on the ellipse submenu, there are five icons. The second icon from the left is the perfect circle option, the center icon is the filled ellipse option, and the rightmost icon is the "to brush" option. Click with the left mouse button on the perfect circle option icon. Also, make certain that the filled ellipse option is highlighted. If the filled ellipse option icon is not highlighted, then click with the left mouse button on the filled ellipse option icon. Lastly, make certain that the "to brush" option icon is not hightlighted. If the "to brush" option icon is highlighted, then click with the left mouse button on the "to brush" option icon. Selecting the filled circle drawing tool from the keyboard: Press the 'E' key on the keyboard while holding down a shift key to select the filled circle drawing tool. If the perfect circle option is not highlighted, then the filled circle drawing tool will be selected. 6. Filled ellipse to brush. Description: The filled ellipse to brush tool is used to quickly create an ellipse shaped brush. This tool functions exactly like the filled ellipse drawing tool except that after the filled ellipse has been drawn it is cut as the current brush and the drawn filled ellipse is undo-ed. To use the filled ellipse to brush tool, move the mouse pointer onto the picture where you will have room to draw an ellipse of the desired size. Press and hold a mouse button. While pressing the mouse button, move the mouse pointer until a filled ellipse of the desired size has been drawn. Lastly, release the mouse button. The drawn ellipse will be used as the current brush, and the filled ellipse will be undo-ed off of the picture. Selecting the filled ellipse to brush tool from the ellipse submenu: Beneath the pen tip icons on the ellipse submenu, there are five icons. The leftmost icon is the ellipse option, the center icon is the filled ellipse option, and the rightmost icon is the "to brush" option. Click with the left mouse button on the ellipse option icon. Also, make certain that the filled ellipse option is highlighted. If the filled ellipse option icon is not highlighted, then click with the left mouse button on the filled ellipse option icon. Lastly, make certain that the "to brush" option icon is hightlighted. If the "to brush" option icon is not highlighted, then click with the left mouse button on the "to brush" option icon. Selecting the filled ellipse to brush tool from the keyboard: Press the 'Q' key on the keyboard to select the filled ellipse to brush tool. If the perfect circle option is highlighted, then the filled circle to brush tool will be selected. 7. Filled circle to brush. Description: The filled cicle to brush tool is used to quickly create a visually circle shaped brush. This tool functions exactly like the filled circle drawing tool except that after the filled circle has been drawn it is cut as the current brush and the drawn filled circle is undo-ed. To use the filled circle to brush tool, move the mouse pointer onto the picture where you will have room to draw a circle of the desired size. Press and hold a mouse button. While pressing the mouse button, move the mouse pointer until a filled circle of the desired size has been drawn. Lastly, release the mouse button. The drawn circle will be used as the current brush, and the filled circle will be undo-ed off of the picture. Selecting the filled circle to brush tool from the ellipse submenu: Beneath the pen tip icons on the ellipse submenu, there are five icons. The second icon from the lefft is the perfect circle option, the center icon is the filled ellipse option, and the rightmost icon is the "to brush" option. Click with the left mouse button on the perfect circle option icon. Also, make certain that the filled ellipse option is highlighted. If the filled ellipse option icon is not highlighted, then click with the left mouse button on the filled ellipse option icon. Lastly, make certain that the "to brush" option icon is hightlighted. If the "to brush" option icon is not highlighted, then click with the left mouse button on the "to brush" option icon. Selecting the filled circle to brush tool from the keyboard: Press the 'Q' key on the keyboard to select the filled circle to brush tool. If the perfect circle option is not highlighted, then the filled ellipse to brush tool will be selected. 8. Quick draw. Description: When you are sizing an unfilled circle or ellipse, the circle/ellipse may be redrawn several times. If you are using a large brush, it may take a while for each circle/ellipse to be drawn. Quick draw will allow you to size the circle/ellipse using a simple XOR circle/ellipse. Once you have positioned the circle/ellipse and released the mouse button, the actual circle/ellipse will be drawn. Selecting quick draw from the ellipse submenu: There are five icons near the center of the ellipse submenu. The second icon from the right is used to toggle on/off the quick draw. Click with the left mouse button on top of this icon to change the state of the quick draw. 9. Segmentation: none. Description: Each unfilled circle/ellipse drawn can be segmented (drawn by an unconnected set of points). There are two different types of segmentation: by distance and by number of points. The current type of segmentation is shown at the bottom of the rectangle submenu. If the "none" buble gadget is filled, then there isn't any segmentation. Selecting no segmentation from the ellipse submenu: On the bottom half of the ellipse submenu there is a bubble gadget labeled "none". Clicking with the left mouse button on this bubble gadget will cause unfilled circles/ellipses to not be segmented. 10. Segmentation: by distance. Description: Segmenting an unfilled circle/ellipse by distance causes each circle/ellipse to be drawn by individual points drawn at a specified distance apart. For example, if the distance was equal to 3, then the circle/ellipse would be drawn by a set of points exactly 3 pixels apart. The distance is specified by the numerical field labeled "amount:". Selecting segmentation by distance from the ellipse submenu: On the bottom half of the ellipse submenu there is a bubble gadget labeled "by distance". Clicking with the left mouse button on this bubble gadget will cause the unfilled circles/ellipses to be segmented by distance. 11. Segmentation: by number of points. Description: Segmenting an unfilled circle/ellipse by number of points causes a circle/ellipse to be drawn using only a specified number of points. For example, if the number of points was equal to 4, then the circle/ellipse drawn will be drawn using exactly 4 points. Each point would be spaced proportionally apart. The number of points is specified by the numerical field labeled "amount:". Selecting segmentation by number of points from the ellipse submenu: On the bottom half of the ellipse submenu there is a bubble gadget labeled "by # of points". Clicking with the left mouse button on this bubble gadget will cause unfilled circles/ellipses to be segmented by number of points. 12. Segmentation: amount. Description: The amount numerical field is used to specify either the distance between points drawn or the total number of points drawn, depending on which type of segmentation is being used. Changing the amount numerical field: To specify a new amount, click with the left mouse button on the numerical field. A cursor will appear. Type in the new amount wanted, and press the return key on the keyboard. Use the cursor keys, the backspace key, the delete key, the undo key, and the esc key as needed. 13. Aborting an unfilled circle or ellipse which is currently being drawn. Description: While an unfilled circle or ellipse is being drawn, it can be aborted by pressing the esc key on the keyboard. Aborting an unfilled circle or ellipse using the keyboard: Press the esc key on the keyboard to abort an unfilled circle or ellipse which is currently being drawn. VI. Airbrush. Description: There are two different modes of the airbrush: palette mode and brush mode. Both function similarly in that they randomly spray the current brush within an elliptical area. To use either mode, move the mouse pointer to the place on the picture which you want to airbrush, and press a mouse button. The airbrush will continually spray the current brush until the mouse button is released. Refer to the drawing mode section for a better understanding of which mouse button to press. Selecting the airbrush drawing tool from the menu: The airbrush icon is the sixth icon from the left on the main strip of icons. To just select the airbrush drawing tool, click with the left mouse button on the airbrush icon. To select both the airbrush drawing tool and its submenu, click with the right mouse button on the airbrush icon. Selecting the airbrush drawing tool from the keyboard: Press the 'A' key on the keyboard to select the airbrush drawing tool. 1. Pen tips. Description: The pen tips are simple, pre-defined brushes. Selecting a pen tip will cause that pen tip to become the current brush. Selecting a pen tip from the airbrush submenu: The available pen tips are shown at the top of the airbrush submenu. To select to use a pen tip, click with the left mouse button on top of the desired pentip. Selecting a pen tip from the keyboard: Pressing the '.' key on the keyboard will select the single pixel pen tip. If you are already using a pen tip, other pen tips can be selected by pressing either the 'X' or the 'Z' key on the keyboard. 2. Palette mode. Description: In the palette mode, the airbrush will spray using the current brush, but instead of using the brush's own colors, the brush will be sprayed in the color of specified palette colors. At the bottom of the palette submenu there is a strip of the current palette colors, and under each palette color there is a slider bar. Each slider bar shows how much the color above the slider bar is desired in the spray of the airbrush. In the palette mode, the airbrush looks at these palette slider bars to see how the palette colors are to be mixed. The higher the setting of a slider bar, the more likely that that slider bar's palette color will be sprayed. For example, if a white palette color's slider bar was set to maximum, and a blue palette color's slider bar was set to half of maximum, then the white palette color will be sprayed about twice as often as the blue palette color. Selecting the palette mode from the airbrush submenu: Towards the top of the airbrush submenu, there is a "palette" button. Click with the left mouse button on the "palette" button. 3. Brush mode. Description: In the brush mode, the airbrush will spray using the current brush and drawing modes. Selecting the brush mode from the airbrush submenu: Towards the top of the airbrush submenu, there is a "brush" button. Click with the left mouse button on the "brush" button. 4. Flow. Description: When using the airbrush and pressing a mouse button, the airbrush sprays continually at its current flow rate. A maximum flow rate means that the airbrush sprays as fast as it can. A reduced flow rate means that the airbrush will wait awhile between each spray. Adjusting the airbrush flow rate from the airbrush submenu: There is a slider bar labeled "flow:" close to the center of the airbrush submenu. This slider bar can be used to adjust the flow rate of the airbrush. 5. Nozzle size. Description: The airbrush randomly sprays the current brush within an ellipse shaped area. Adjusting the nozzle size from the airbrush submenu: Towards the center of the airbrush submenu, there is a "size" button. Click on the "size" button using the left mouse button. Move the mouse pointer somewhere onto the picture. Press and hold down the left mouse button. While holding down the left mouse button, move the mouse pointer until an ellipse of the desired size has been drawn. Lastly, release the mouse button. Adjusting the nozzle size from the keyboard: Press the 'A' key on the keyboard while holding down a shift key. Move the mouse pointer somewhere onto the picture. Press and hold down the left mouse button. While holding down the left mouse button, move the mouse pointer until an ellipse of the desired size has been drawn. Lastly, release the mouse button. 6. Palette slider bars. Description: The palette slider bars are located near the bottom of the airbrush submenu, and are used by the airbrush palette mode to specify how much a color is preferred in comparison to the other palette colors. Refer to the palette mode description above for a better understanding of the palette slider bars. When a palette color is going to be used by the airbrush, the palette color is shown as being highlighted. To turn off any of the palette colors, click with the left mouse button on the palette color to turn off. To turn that color back on again, either adjust the palette's slider bar or click with the left mouse button on the palette color. If you click with the left mouse button on a palette color which was turned off, then that palette color is turned back on and its slider bar is set to what it was when the palette color was turned off. It should be noted that setting a palette slider bar to its absolute minimum will cause that palette color to never be sprayed, as if that palette color was turned off. Adjusting a palette slider bar on the airbrush submenu: Each palette color has its own slider bar. Adjusting a palette slider bar will adjust how often that particular color is sprayed in relation to how often the other palette colors are sprayed. VII. Fill. Description: The fill drawing tool fills outward from a single pixel, replacing surrounding pixels of the same color with the current fill pattern. The fill stops replacing pixels in a certain direction when it hits a pixel in that direction which is not the same color as the starting pixel. The fill stops completely when it has become completely surrounded by colors different from the starting pixel's color. To use the fill drawing tool, move the mouse pointer so that it is on top of an area that you want filled, then press and release a mouse button. Refer to the section on the drawing modes for a better understanding of which mouse button to press. There are five different types of fill patterns: solid, dither, gradient, conformed gradient, and pattern. Selecting the fill drawing tool from the main menu: The fill icon is the seventh icon from the left on the main strip of icons. To just select the fill drawing tool, click with the left mouse button on the fill icon. To select both the fill drawing tool and its submenu, click with the right mouse button on the fill icon. Selecting the fill drawing tool from the keyboard: Press the 'F' key on the keyboard to select the fill drawing tool. 1. Solid fill pattern. Description: The solid fill pattern fills using either the current foreground color or background color (depending on which mouse button was held down). Selecting the solid fill pattern from the fill submenu: Near the top of the fill submenu, there is a "solid" button. Click on the "solid" button with the left mouse button. Selecting the solid fill pattern from the keyboard: Press the 'F' key on the keyboard while holding down a shift key to select the solid fill pattern. 2. Dither fill pattern. Description: The dither fill pattern fills by alternating between the current foreground color and the current background color. Selecting the dither fill pattern from the fill submenu: Near the top of the fill submenu, there is a "dither" button. Click on the "dither" button with the left mouse button. 3. Gradient fill pattern. Description: The gradient fill pattern fills with a dithering of the current color cycle range. Refer to the section on the palette for a better understanding of how to change the current color cycle range. An example of the dither is visible at the bottom the fill submenu. The amount of the dithering of the colors is adjusted by the dither slider bar. The angle at which the colors will be dithered is shown in the "angle:" numerical field. The dithering is done uniformly over the area to be filled, as if the area to be filled was completely rectangular. Selecting the gradient fill pattern from the fill submenu: Near the top of the fill submenu, there is a "gradient" button. Click on the "gradient" button with the left mouse button. 4. Conformed gradient pattern. Description: The conformed gradient fill pattern fills with a dithering of the current color cycle range. Refer to the section on the palette for a better understanding of how to change the current color cycle range. An example of the dither is visible at the bottom the fill submenu. The amount of the dithering of the colors is adjusted by the dither slider bar. The angle at which the colors will be dithered is shown in the "angle:" numerical field. The dithering is done one scan line (horizontal line) at a time, so that the dithering will conform to the shape of the area to be filled. For example, if a circle is filled, then the dither will conform to the shape of the circle, causing the circle to appear three dimensional. It should be noted that since the dithering is done horizontally, gradients with a nonhorizontal angle can have some bizarre effects (horizontal angles are 0 and 180 degrees). Selecting the conformed gradient fill pattern from the fill submenu: Near the top of the fill submenu, there is a "gradient" button. Click on the "gradient" button with the left mouse button. Below the "gradient" button there is a "conform" bubble gadget. Make certain that the "conform" bubble gadget is highlighted. If the "conform" bubble gadget is not highlighted, then click on the bubble gadget with the left mouse button. 5. Pattern fill pattern. Description: The pattern fill pattern fills with the pattern shown in the box at the lower right corner of the fill submenu. Selecting the pattern fill pattern from the fill submenu: Towards the top of the fill submenu, there is a "pattern" button. Click on the "pattern" button with the left mouse button. 6. Outline mode. Description: Instead of filling the entire area to be filled, in the outline mode only the very boundary of the area to be filled is filled. The outline mode works with all of the fill patterns. Selecting the ouline mode from the fill submenu: In the upper right corner of the fill submenu there is an "outline" bubble gadget. If the "outline" bubble gadget is not highlighted, then click on the bubble gadget with the left mouse button. 7. Gradient: angle. Description: The gradient fill dithers the colors in the current color cycle range together, drawing the dither across the area to be filled. The direction of how the colors are dithered across the area to be filled is specified by the "angle:" numerical field. The angles allowed are 0 to 359 where 0 degrees is horizontally to the right, 90 degrees is straight up, 180 degrees is horizontally to the left, and 270 degrees is straight down. Adjusting the gradient angle from the fill submenu: To specify a new angle, click with the left mouse button on the numerical field. A cursor will appear. Type in the new amount wanted, and press the return key on the keyboard. Use the cursor keys, the backspace key, the delete key, the undo key, and the esc key as needed. 8. Gradient dither slider bar. Description: The gradient fill dither the palette color in the current color cycle range together. How dithered the colors are is set by the gradient dither slider bar. Adjusting the gradient dither slider bar using the fill submenu: The gradient dither slider bar is located near the bottom left of the fill submenu. Adjusting the gradient dither slider bar will adjust the current gradient dither. 9. Pattern fill's pattern. Description: The pattern fill uses a fill pattern to fill with. The fill pattern is simply a brush, and the brush can be of any size. The positioning of the brush in relation to the picture is set according to where the brush was originally cut from the picture. Setting a new pattern fill's pattern from the fill submenu: Towards the top right of the fill submenu, there is a "pattern" button. Beneath the "pattern" button, there are two icons. The leftmost of these two icons is the "new pattern" icon (looks like the fill icon). Click with the left mouse button on the "new pattern" icon to set the pattern fill's pattern to the current brush. Removing the pattern fill's pattern from the fill submenu: Towards the top right of the fill submenu, there is a "pattern" button. Beneath the "pattern" button, there are two icons. The rightmost of these two icons is the "to brush" icon. Click with the left mouse button on the "to brush" icon to remove the pattern fill's pattern and make it the current brush. VIII. Text Description: The text drawing tool is used to type text onto the picture. Da Vinci supports color and monochrome, proportional, kerned fonts (the term font refers to what the text looks like). To use the text drawing tool, there must be a font in memory. Move the mouse to the position on the screen where you would like the text to start. Notice that the mouse pointer is dragging a vertical line. That line is called the text cursor, and its size is the height of the current font. Once the text cursor is positioned where you want the text to start, press a mouse button. The mouse pointer will disappear, and you can begin typing. Type the text that you want on the picture, using the backspace key and the return key as needed. When you are finished typing, press the right mouse button to get back the mouse pointer. Refer to the section on the drawing modes for a better understanding of which mouse button to press. Selecting the text drawing tool from the main menu: The text icon is the eighth icon from the left on the main strip of icons. To just select the text drawing tool, click with the left mouse button on the text icon. Remember that there must be a font in memory to select the text drawing tool. To select both the text drawing tool and its submenu, click with the right mouse button on the text icon. If there is not a font in memory, then the submenu will be shown, but the text drawing tool will not be selected. Selecting the text drawing tool from the keyboard: Press the 'T' key on the keyboard to select the text drawing tool. Remember that there must be a font in memory to select the text drawing tool. Press the 'T' key on the keyboard while holding down a shift key to both select the text drawing tool and to recolor the text so that the text will be typed using its own colors. 1. Loading a font. Description: To type any text, there must be a font in memory. The most common way to get a font into memory is to load the font from a disk drive. Loading a font from the text submenu: At the bottom of the text submenu, there are several buttons. One of the buttons is a "load" button. Click with the left mouse button on the "load" button. The text submenu should be replaced by the file selector menu. Make certain that Da Vinci Disk 1 is in the disk drive. If it is not, then insert Da Vinci Disk 1 into the disk drive and then click with the left mouse button on the "*.dft" button. On the left side of the file selector menu, there is a box which shows the current directory of Da Vinci Disk 1. Double click with the left mouse button on the folder called "DIR FONTS". The directory should change to show you what is inside of the fonts directory. Double click on the name of the font that you want to load. Refer to the section in the manual concerning the file selector for a better understanding of how to use the file selector. You have now loaded a font. If you wish to type with that font, make certain that you are using the text drawing tool (explained above). The size (height) of the loaded font is shown in the top right corner of the text submenu (labeled "ht:"). The name of the loaded font is shown in the text field labeled "font:", and an example of what the font looks like is shown in the box at the lower right corner of the submenu. If you had previously loaded a font, then the previously loaded font can be reselected by using the "pick" option on the text submenu. In other words, once a font has been loaded, you do not need to load that font again. Ok, so I lied a little. There is a maximum limit of 33 fonts in memory at any one time. If you ever exceed 32 fonts in memory, then loading a font will replace the previous font so that the previous font will need to be reloaded if you want to use it again; however, I seriously doubt that you will ever have any reason to have more than 32 fonts in memory at any one time. 2. Picking a different font to be used as the current font. Description: After a font has been loaded into memory, that font will stay in memory until you specifically remove the font from memory using the "remove" option on the text submenu. The "pick" option on the text submenu is used to switch to another font which was previously loaded into memory. Picking a different font to be used as the current font from the text submenu: To pick a font to use from the fonts in memory, click with the left mouse button on the "pick" button located on the text submenu. The text submenu will be replaced with the file selector submenu. The box at the far left of the file selector submenu shows what fonts are currently in memory. Double click on the font that you want to use. 3. Underline. Description: The underline option, if selected, will cause whatever is typed to be underlined. Refer to the edit font option for a better understanding of how to set the color of the underline when using color fonts. Turning on/off the underline option from the text submenu: Near the top of the text submenu, there are four bubble gadgets. The underline bubble gadget is labeled: "underline". If the underline bubble gadget is filled, then any text typed will be underlined. If the bubble gadget is not filled, then any text typed will not be underlined. 4. Italic. Description: The italic option, if selected, will cause whatever is typed to be italicized (skewed horizontally). Turning on/off the italic option from the text submenu: Near the top of the text submenu, there are four bubble gadgets. The italic bubble gadget is labeled: "italic". If the italic bubble gadget is filled, then any text typed will be italicized. If the bubble gadget is not filled, then any text typed will not be italicized. 5. Bold. Description: The bold option, if selected, will cause whatever is typed to be doubly typed so that the characters typed appear wider than normal. Turning on/off the bold option from the text submenu: Near the top of the text submenu, there are four bubble gadgets. The bold bubble gadget is labeled: "bold". If the bold bubble gadget is filled, then any text typed will be doubly typed. If the bubble gadget is not filled, then any text typed will not be doubly typed. 6. Transparent. Description: Each character in a font is defined as a rectangular piece of graphics. For example, in a two color (considered monochrome) font, the letter 'a' is usually defined as a white letter 'a' on a black background. Usually, when typing the letter 'a', you want the white letter 'a' to be drawn, but you do not want the black background of the letter 'a' to be drawn. The transparent option, if selected, causes the background color of each character typed to not be drawn. If the transparent option is not selected, then the background color of each character will be drawn. If you do not want the background color to be transparent, then you will most likely need to use the font's own colors instead of the current foreground color. Otherwise, all that will be typed will be rectangles in the color of the current foreground color. Refer to the "recolor" option on the text submenu for a better understanding of how to use the font's own colors. Turning on/off the transparent option from the text submenu: Near the top of the text submenu, there are four bubble gadgets. The transparent bubble gadget is labeled: "transparent". If the transparent bubble gadget is filled, then the background color of the font will not be shown. If the bubble gadget is not filled, then any text typed will be drawn with its background color. 7. Recolor. Description: When typing using a font, the font will be drawn either using the current foreground color or the font's own colors. The "recolor" option is used to specify that you want the text to be drawn in the font's own colors and not the current foreground color. Selecting the font "recolor" option from the text submenu: On the text submenu, there are several buttons. Click with the left mouse button on the "recolor" button to select the "recolor" option. Selecting the font "recolor" option from the keyboard: Press the 'T' key on the keyboard while holding down a shift key to select the "recolor" option. The text drawing tool will also be selected. 8. Palette. Description: Every font has its own palette information; therefore, every font knows what its colors are supposed to look like. Most likely, the palette that you will be using will be different than the palette that the font was drawn with. This can be a problem if the coloring of the font is important to the appearance of the font. The text "palette" option gives you two choices to correct this problem: change the current palette so that it matches the font's palette, or remap (redraw) then entire font using the current palette colors. Selecting the "palette" option from the text submenu: On the text submenu, there are several buttons. Click with the left mouse button on the "palette" button to select the "palette" option. The text submenu will be replaced by the font remap submenu. The top of the font remap submenu shows the name of the current font, the number of bit planes used to create the font, and the number of colors used to create the font. At the bottom of the font remap submenu there are two buttons. Selecting the "use palette" button will cause the current picture's palette to be replaced by the font's palette. Also, the font remap submenu will be replaced by the palette submenu so that the change to the picture's palette can be undone. Selecting the "remap font" button will cause the current font to be redrawn using the picture's palette colors and number of bit planes. It should be noted that remapping the font is a permanent change to the existing font. If you do not like how the font was remapped, then you will need to remove the font from memory and reload the font again (explained above). Also, if you save the font then the font will be saved in its remapped state. Selecting the "use palette" option from the font remap submenu: At the bottom of the font remap submenu, there are two buttons. Click with the left mouse button on the "use palette" button. Selecting the "remap font" option from the font remap submenu: At the bottom of the font remap submenu, there are two buttons. Click with the left mouse button on the "remap font" button. 9. Remove. Description: Once a font has been loaded, it will stay in memory until it is removed using the "remove" option. Selecting the "remove" option will cause the current font to be removed from memory. After using the "remove" option, if you wish to use that font again, then that font must be reloaded (explained above). Also, after using the "remove" option, you will not be able to type any text until a new font has either been picked, loaded, or created. Selecting the "remove" option from the text submenu: On the text submenu there are several buttons. Click with the left mouse button on the "remove" button. 10. Size. Description: The size of each font is considered the height in pixels of the ascent line of the font to the descent line of the font. In simpler terms, the height of the font is the height in pixels from the tallest point of the tallest character in the font to the lowest point in the lowest character in the font. The height of the current font is shown in the upper right corner of the text submenu (labeled, "ht:"). The size option allows you to change the entire height of the font proportionally. For example, if the current font has a height of 10, you can specify with the size option that you want the font to have a height of 30. Now, when you type, the font will be 3 times the original size. The font itself has not changed. The font really still only has a height of 10, but, as you type, each character is stretched or shrunk to the desired size. Any font can be sized to any height between 1 and 200. Selecting the size option from the text submenu: On the text submenu there are several buttons. Click with the left mouse button on the "size" button. The font size submenu will appear. Turning on/off the sizing of a font from the font size submenu: At the top of the font size submenu there is a "size font" bubble gadget. If that bubble gadget is filled, then the font will be sized to the desired size. If that bubble gadget is not filled, then the font will be drawn in its normal size. Click with the left mouse button on the bubble gadget to change its state. Adjusting the desired size of a font from the font size submenu: On the font size submenu, there is a numerical field labeled, "sized height:". The value in the numerical field is the size that the font will be sized to. To specify a new amount, click with the left mouse button on the numerical field. A cursor will appear. Type in the new amount wanted, and press the return key on the keyboard. Use the cursor keys, the backspace key, the delete key, the undo key, and the esc key as needed. 11. Left alignment of text. Description: After the text cursor has been placed on the picture, the positioning of the typed text in relation to the initial placement of the text cursor is called the alignment of the text. When text is left aligned, the initial placement of the text cursor is always to the left of where the text is drawn. For example, if you typed the word, "hi", then the 'h' would be drawn to the right of the initial placement of the text cursor and the 'i' would be drawn to the right of the 'h'. For most applications, text should be left aligned. Selecting left alignment of text from the text submenu: At the bottom of the text submenu, there are three buttons labeled "align:". The leftmost of the three buttons is the left alignment button (looks like a '<'). Click on the left alignment button to select left alignment of text. 12. Center alignment of text. Description: After the text cursor has been placed on the picture, the positioning of the typed text in relation to the initial placement of the text cursor is called the alignment of the text. When text is center aligned, the initial placement of the text cursor is always in the center of where the text is drawn. For example, if you typed the word, "hi", then the 'h' would be drawn to the left of the initial placement of the text cursor and the 'i' would be drawn to the right of the initial placement of the text cursor. Selecting center alignment of text from the text submenu: At the bottom of the text submenu, there are three buttons labeled "align:". The center button is the center alignment button (looks like an 'I'). Click on the center alignment button to select center alignment of text. 13. Right alignment of text. Description: After the text cursor has been placed on the picture, the positioning of the typed text in relation to the initial placement of the text cursor is called the alignment of the text. When text is right aligned, the initial placement of the text cursor is always to the right of where the text is drawn. For example, if you typed the word, "hi", then the 'h' would be drawn to the left of the 'i' and the 'i' would be drawn to the left of the initial placement of the text cursor. Selecting right alignment of text from the text submenu: At the bottom of the text submenu, there are three buttons labeled "align:". The rightmost of the three buttons is the right alignment button (looks like a '>'). Click on the right alignment button to select right alignment of text. 14. Editing/creating a font. Description: The current font can be edited completely from within Da Vinci, or a new font can be created. Once a font has been modified or created, that font can be saved to the disk drive, and can later be reloaded and used. Editing/creating a font from the text submenu: A font is really just a collection of brushes, one brush for each character in the font. With that in mind, creating a font is simple. The first thing to do is to decide how many colors you want the font to be. A font can be 2, 4, 8, or 16 colors. Remember that fewer colors takes up less memory and disk space. Set the picture number of bit planes to the number of bit planes that you want in the font. Refer to the section on setting the number of bit planes of the picture for a better understanding of setting bit planes. Next, set the picture's palette to the palette that you want the font to be. Refer to the section on setting the picture's palette for a better understanding of setting the picture's palette. If you are modifying an existing font, then it is a good idea to set the number of bit planes of the picture to the number of bit planes of the font, because you can only use the colors of the existing font when you draw the new character. For example, you can not insert a 16 color letter 'a' into a 2 color font. Also, it is a good practice to change the picture's palette to the font's palette so that you can better visuallize the colors of the character. This can be done using the font palette option (discussed previously in this section). Once you are satisfied with the palette and the number of bit planes, you can draw what you want a character to look like. For example, if you want to create a new letter 'a', the first thing to do is to draw what you want the letter 'a' to look like. Once you have drawn your character, cut the graphic that you have drawn as a brush. Refer to the section on the brush for a better understanding of how to cut a brush. Try to cut the brush as small as possible while still containing your graphic, because the amount of memory (or disk space) taken up by a brush is relative to the size of the brush. Also, it is a good idea to cut 1 pixel too wide on the right side of the character so that when characters are typed there is a 1 pixel blank area between each character. At the bottom of the text submenu, there are several buttons. One of the buttons is an "edit" button. Click with the left mouse button on the "edit" button. The text submenu should be replaced with the edit font submenu. In the lower left corner of the edit font submenu, there is a "store" button. Click with the left mouse button on the "store" button to store the brush in the current font. Don't worry if there isn't a current font, because Da Vinci will automatically generate a font with no characters in it as the current font. The submenu will switch to the following message, "Type the character to store the brush as in the font, or press the undo key to abort." Press the key on the keyboard which you want the brush to be stored as. In our example, press the 'a' key on the keyboard. Beware of the CapsLock key! The CapsLock must be off to store the brush as a lowercase character. Next, the submenu will switch to the following message, "Position the brush in relation to the baseline (broken line) as you want the character to be printed." Move the mouse pointer onto the picture. There should be a broken horizontal XOR line visible on the picture. If the line is not visible then move the screen slider until it is visible. Refer to the section on the menuing system for a better understanding of the screen slider. This broken horizontal XOR line is used to help you visually position where the brush should be drawn vertically in relation to the base line of the current font. The base line is similar to a line on a piece of binder paper. Most characters have the bottom of the character drawn so that it just touches the line. Some characters, such as 'y', 'p', and 'j', extend down beneath the line. Also, some characters are always drawn above the line, such as apostrophes, minus signs, and quotation marks. Move the mouse pointer until the brush is positioned to the desired vertical position in relation to the base line (the position of the brush horizontally does not matter). Notice that there are some other XOR lines visible. They are there to help you visuallize where to position the brush. The lines shown are the ascent line (represents the tallest point in the font), the descent line (represents the lowest point in the font), the half line (represents the line which is usually the top of the lower case characters), and the bottom line (represents where the ascent line of a line of text beneath the current line of text would be positioned). Click with the left mouse button. The brush is now stored in the current font as the character that you typed. You can now use the text drawing tool to type the character that you stored in the font. 15. Saving a font. Description: If a font has been either created or modified, then that font can be saved to the disk drive so that it can be loaded and used later. The save font option will save the current font. Saving a font from the text submenu: At the bottom of the text submenu, there are several buttons. One of the buttons is a "save" button. Click with the left mouse button on the "save" button. The text submenu should be replaced by the file selector menu. Insert a diskette into the disk drive to save the font onto. Click with the left mouse button on the "drives" button to see the list of the disk drives. Double click with the left mouse button on the drive that you want to save the font to. The directory should change to show you the directory of the drive which you selected. Click with the left mouse button in the text field labeled "selection:". Type the name that you wish to save the font as, using the esc key, then undo key, the backspace key, the insert key and the delete key as needed. Press the return key when you are done typing the filename. Click with the left mouse button on the "ok" button. Refer to the section in the manual concerning the file selector for a better understanding of how to use the file selector. You have now saved the current font. 16. Changing the font's description. Description: Each font has a 24 character description, which is used to describe the font. For example, a 6x6 system font may have a filename of "font6x6.dft" and a description of "6x6 system font". The description is more explanatory than the filename. Changing the font's description from the text submenu: On the text submenu, there is an "edit" button. Click with the left mouse button on the "edit" buttton. The submenu should switch to the font edit submenu. At the top of the font edit submenu, there is a text field. Click with the left mouse button inside of the text field. Type a description of the current font, using the esc key, the undo key, the backspace key, the delete key, and the insert key as needed. Press return when you are finished typing the description. 17. Setting the base line. Description: The base line is similar to a line on a piece of binder paper. Most characters have the bottom of the character drawn so that it just touches the line. Some characters, such as 'y', 'p', and 'j', extend down beneath the line. Also, some characters are always drawn above the line, such as apostrophes, minus signs, and quotation marks. When creating or editing a font, a horizontal, broken XOR line is used to represent the base line of the font. The position of that horizontal, broken XOR line on the picture can be set using the set base line option. Move the mouse pointer onto the picture where you want the broken XOR line to be positioned. Click with the left mouse button. Select the set base line option from the text submenu: On the text submenu, there is an "edit" button. Click with the left mouse button on the "edit" buttton. The submenu should switch to the font edit submenu. Towards the center of the font edit submenu there are four buttons labeled, "set line:". Press the "base" button to select the set base line option. 18. Setting the bottom line. Description: The bottom line is used to specify where the ascent line of a line of text beneath the current line of text should be positioned. When creating or editing a font, a horizontal XOR line is used to represent the bottom line of the font. The position of that horizontal XOR line on the picture in relation to the base line can be set using the set bottom line option. Move the mouse pointer onto the picture until the bottom line is at the desired position in relation to the base line (horizontal, broken XOR line). If the base line is not visible, then move the screen slider bar until the base line is visible. Refer to the section on the menuing system for a better understanding of the screen slider bar. Click with the left mouse buttton. Select the set bottom line option from the text submenu: On the text submenu, there is an "edit" button. Click with the left mouse button on the "edit" buttton. The submenu should switch to the font edit submenu. Towards the center of the font edit submenu there are four buttons labeled, "set line:". Press the "bottom" button to select the set base line option. 19. Setting the half line. Description: The half line is used to aid in the kerning of characters. The half line is usually set to be equal to the top of the lower case letters. When creating or editing a font, a horizontal XOR line is used to represent the half line of the font. The position of that horizontal XOR line on the picture in relation to the base line can be set using the set half line option. Move the mouse pointer onto the picture until the half line is at the desired position in relation to the base line (horizontal, broken XOR line). If the base line is not visible, then move the screen slider bar until the base line is visible. Refer to the section on the menuing system for a better understanding of the screen slider bar. Click with the left mouse buttton. Select the set half line option from the text submenu: On the text submenu, there is an "edit" button. Click with the left mouse button on the "edit" buttton. The submenu should switch to the font edit submenu. Towards the center of the font edit submenu there are four buttons labeled, "set line:". Press the "half" button to select the set base line option. 20. Removing a brush from the font. Description: A font is really just a collection of brushes, one brush for each character in the font. Each brush in the font will take up both memory and disk space, so what happens if you don't want certain characters in the font? You remove the unwanted characters using the remove option. When you select the remove option, the submenu will change to the following message, "Type the character to be deleted in the font, or press the undo key to abort." Type the character on the keyboard that you want to have removed from the font. Beware of the CapsLock. Lowercase characters can only be removed if the CapsLock is off. Selecting the remove option from the text submenu: On the text submenu, there is an "edit" button. Click with the left mouse button on the "edit" buttton. The submenu should switch to the font edit submenu. In the lower left corner of the font edit submenu there is a "remove" button. Click with the left mouse button on the "remove" button to select the remove option. 21. Setting the underline color. Description: The underline option (discussed earlier in this section) can be used to underline text. The color of this underline can be any of the colors used by the font. The "set underline color" option is used to change the underline color in the current font. After selecting the "set underline color" option, click with the left mouse button on the color that you want to use as the underline color. Remember that the color must be one of the colors used by the current font. Selecting the "set underline color" option from the text submenu: On the text submenu, there is an "edit" button. Click with the left mouse button on the "edit" buttton. The submenu should switch to the font edit submenu. In the lower right corner of the font edit submenu there is a "set" button. Click with the left mouse button on the "set" button to select the "set underline color" option. 22. Kerning. Description: A font is really just a collection of brushes, one brush for each character in the font. An offset from the base line is used to specify where to position each brush vertically, but how is each brush positioned horizontally? Normally, each brush is jammed together so that they are drawn side by side with no space in between the brushes, which is why it is a good idea when creating or editing a font to cut all of the characters 1 pixel wider than the actual character's graphics so that there is a blank pixel in between each character typed. Kerning allows you to specify how close a character can be to both the previous character and to the next character. There are 6 points of kerning: three points specifying how close the character can be to the previous character, and three points specifying how close the next character can be to the character. Why three points? In most fonts there are three major areas where the width of graphics change: between the ascent line and the half line; between the half line and the base line; and between the base line and the descent line. The ascent line is the highest point in the font. The half line is set by the creator of the font, and is usually equal to the top of most of the lowercase letters. The descent line is the lowest point in the font. When a brush is cut from the screen, it is cut as a rectangular shape. The most common usage of kerning is to specify the actual visual width of three areas of a character. For example, to kern the letter 'y', the half line should be set so that it just touches the top of the 'y' (setting the half line was discussed previously in this section). Next, the left side of the character between the ascent line and the half line should be set to "no width". "No width" is a special case in kerning which specifies that the character has no width (usually meaning no graphics) in that kerning area. Specifying that there is no width in the left side of the character between the ascent line and the half line states that any previously typed character can overlap the character in this area completely. For example, if a 'T' had been typed then the top of the 'T' would now be able to overlap the 'y'. Next, the right side of the character between the ascent line and the half line should be set to "no width". This states that a character typed after the 'y' can overlap the top of the 'y' completely. For example, if a 'T' was typed after the 'y' then the top of the 'T' would now be able to overlap the top of 'y'. Next, set the kerning in the area between the half line and the base line on the left side of the character so that it just barely overlaps the graphic of the 'y' in that area. Next, set the kerning in the area between the half line and the base line on the right side of the character so that it is 1 pixel wider than the actual graphic of the 'y' in that area. Next, set the kerning in the area between the base line and the descent line on the left side of the character so that it just barely overlaps the graphic of the 'y' in that area. Lastly, set the kerning in the area between the base line and the descent line on the right side of the character so that it is 1 pixel wider than the actual graphic of the 'y' in that area. You have now set the kerning of the 'y'. If the 'T' has been kerned in a similar manner then typing, "Ty", will draw the top of the 'T' overlapping the top of the 'y' and the bottom of the 'y' overlapping the bottom of the 'T'. Another application of kerning would have been to set both sides of the area between the base line and the descent line of the 'y' to "no width". Now, if you typed "yy" the tails of the y's would overlap graphically so that they appeared to be connected together. One thing to consider is that almost never should the area between the half line and the base line be set to "no width". Even a character such as a single quote, which has no width graphically in the area between the half line and the base line, should be given a pretend width in that area so that it will not overlap previously typed characters. Setting the kerning in the area between the ascent line and the half line of the left side of a character from the text submenu: On the text submenu, there is an "edit" button. Click with the left mouse button on the "edit" buttton. The submenu should switch to the font edit submenu. Towards the middle of the font edit submenu there are four buttons labeled, "set line:". Click with the left mouse button on the "kerning" button. The submenu should switch to the following message, "Type the character to kern, or press the undo key to abort." Type the character that you want to kern. Be aware of the state of the CapsLock. Lowercase characters can not be selected if the CapsLock is on. The kerning submenu should appear. There are three "l" buttons on the kerning submenu. Click with the left mouse button on the top "l" button. If you want to set the kerning to "no width", then make certain that the "no width" bubble gadget is shown filled. If the "no width" bubble is not filled, then click with the left mouse button on it. If you did not want to set the kerning to "no width" then you must set the kerning visually. At the bottom of the submenu there is a "set visually" button. Click with the left mouse button on the "set visually" button. Move the mouse pointer onto the picture. The character that you are kerning should be visible. If the character is not visible, then move the screen slider until the character is visible. Refer to the section on the menuing system for a better understanding of the screen slider. Move the mouse pointer until the kerning is positioned between the ascent line and the half line on the left side of the character where you want it. Click with the left mouse button. Warning: the current brush that you are drawing with may be lost when you kern a character. Setting the kerning in the area between the ascent line and the half line of the right side of a character from the text submenu: On the text submenu, there is an "edit" button. Click with the left mouse button on the "edit" buttton. The submenu should switch to the font edit submenu. Towards the middle of the font edit submenu there are four buttons labeled, "set line:". Click with the left mouse button on the "kerning" button. The submenu should switch to the following message, "Type the character to kern, or press the undo key to abort." Type the character that you want to kern. Be aware of the state of the CapsLock. Lowercase characters can not be selected if the CapsLock is on. The kerning submenu should appear. There are three "r" buttons on the kerning submenu. Click with the left mouse button on the top "r" button. If you want to set the kerning to "no width", then make certain that the "no width" bubble gadget is shown filled. If the "no width" bubble is not filled, then click with the left mouse button on it. If you did not want to set the kerning to "no width" then you must set the kerning visually. At the bottom of the submenu there is a "set visually" button. Click with the left mouse button on the "set visually" button. Move the mouse pointer onto the picture. The character that you are kerning should be visible. If the character is not visible, then move the screen slider until the character is visible. Refer to the section on the menuing system for a better understanding of the screen slider. Move the mouse pointer until the kerning is positioned between the ascent line and the half line on the right side of the character where you want it. Click with the left mouse button. Warning: the current brush that you are drawing with may be lost when you kern a character. Setting the kerning in the area between the half line and the base line of the left side of a character from the text submenu: On the text submenu, there is an "edit" button. Click with the left mouse button on the "edit" buttton. The submenu should switch to the font edit submenu. Towards the middle of the font edit submenu there are four buttons labeled, "set line:". Click with the left mouse button on the "kerning" button. The submenu should switch to the following message, "Type the character to kern, or press the undo key to abort." Type the character that you want to kern. Be aware of the state of the CapsLock. Lowercase characters can not be selected if the CapsLock is on. The kerning submenu should appear. There are three "l" buttons on the kerning submenu. Click with the left mouse button on the middle "l" button. If you want to set the kerning to "no width", then make certain that the "no width" bubble gadget is shown filled. If the "no width" bubble is not filled, then click with the left mouse button on it. If you did not want to set the kerning to "no width" then you must set the kerning visually. At the bottom of the submenu there is a "set visually" button. Click with the left mouse button on the "set visually" button. Move the mouse pointer onto the picture. The character that you are kerning should be visible. If the character is not visible, then move the screen slider until the character is visible. Refer to the section on the menuing system for a better understanding of the screen slider. Move the mouse pointer until the kerning is positioned between the half line and the base line on the left side of the character where you want it. Click with the left mouse button. Warning: the current brush that you are drawing with may be lost when you kern a character. Setting the kerning in the area between the half line and the base line of the right side of a character from the text submenu: On the text submenu, there is an "edit" button. Click with the left mouse button on the "edit" buttton. The submenu should switch to the font edit submenu. Towards the middle of the font edit submenu there are four buttons labeled, "set line:". Click with the left mouse button on the "kerning" button. The submenu should switch to the following message, "Type the character to kern, or press the undo key to abort." Type the character that you want to kern. Be aware of the state of the CapsLock. Lowercase characters can not be selected if the CapsLock is on. The kerning submenu should appear. There are three "r" buttons on the kerning submenu. Click with the left mouse button on the middle "r" button. If you want to set the kerning to "no width", then make certain that the "no width" bubble gadget is shown filled. If the "no width" bubble is not filled, then click with the left mouse button on it. If you did not want to set the kerning to "no width" then you must set the kerning visually. At the bottom of the submenu there is a "set visually" button. Click with the left mouse button on the "set visually" button. Move the mouse pointer onto the picture. The character that you are kerning should be visible. If the character is not visible, then move the screen slider until the character is visible. Refer to the section on the menuing system for a better understanding of the screen slider. Move the mouse pointer until the kerning is positioned between the half line and the base line on the right side of the character where you want it. Click with the left mouse button. Warning: the current brush that you are drawing with may be lost when you kern a character. Setting the kerning in the area between the base line and the descent line of the left side of a character from the text submenu: On the text submenu, there is an "edit" button. Click with the left mouse button on the "edit" buttton. The submenu should switch to the font edit submenu. Towards the middle of the font edit submenu there are four buttons labeled, "set line:". Click with the left mouse button on the "kerning" button. The submenu should switch to the following message, "Type the character to kern, or press the undo key to abort." Type the character that you want to kern. Be aware of the state of the CapsLock. Lowercase characters can not be selected if the CapsLock is on. The kerning submenu should appear. There are three "l" buttons on the kerning submenu. Click with the left mouse button on the bottom "l" button. If you want to set the kerning to "no width", then make certain that the "no width" bubble gadget is shown filled. If the "no width" bubble is not filled, then click with the left mouse button on it. If you did not want to set the kerning to "no width" then you must set the kerning visually. At the bottom of the submenu there is a "set visually" button. Click with the left mouse button on the "set visually" button. Move the mouse pointer onto the picture. The character that you are kerning should be visible. If the character is not visible, then move the screen slider until the character is visible. Refer to the section on the menuing system for a better understanding of the screen slider. Move the mouse pointer until the kerning is positioned between the base line and the descent line on the left side of the character where you want it. Click with the left mouse button. Warning: the current brush that you are drawing with may be lost when you kern a character. Setting the kerning in the area between the base line and the descent line of the right side of a character from the text submenu: On the text submenu, there is an "edit" button. Click with the left mouse button on the "edit" buttton. The submenu should switch to the font edit submenu. Towards the middle of the font edit submenu there are four buttons labeled, "set line:". Click with the left mouse button on the "kerning" button. The submenu should switch to the following message, "Type the character to kern, or press the undo key to abort." Type the character that you want to kern. Be aware of the state of the CapsLock. Lowercase characters can not be selected if the CapsLock is on. The kerning submenu should appear. There are three "r" buttons on the kerning submenu. Click with the left mouse button on the bottom "r" button. If you want to set the kerning to "no width", then make certain that the "no width" bubble gadget is shown filled. If the "no width" bubble is not filled, then click with the left mouse button on it. If you did not want to set the kerning to "no width" then you must set the kerning visually. At the bottom of the submenu there is a "set visually" button. Click with the left mouse button on the "set visually" button. Move the mouse pointer onto the picture. The character that you are kerning should be visible. If the character is not visible, then move the screen slider until the character is visible. Refer to the section on the menuing system for a better understanding of the screen slider. Move the mouse pointer until the kerning is positioned between the base line and the descent line on the right side of the character where you want it. Click with the left mouse button. Warning: the current brush that you are drawing with may be lost when you kern a character. Removing kerning from a character in the font from the text submenu: On the text submenu, there is an "edit" button. Click with the left mouse button on the "edit" buttton. The submenu should switch to the font edit submenu. Towards the middle of the font edit submenu there are four buttons labeled, "set line:". Click with the left mouse button on the "kerning" button. The submenu should switch to the following message, "Type the character to kern, or press the undo key to abort." Type the character from which you want to remove the kerning. Be aware of the state of the CapsLock. Lowercase characters can not be selected if the CapsLock is on. The kerning submenu should appear. At the top of the kerning submenu there is a bubble gadget labeled, "kerning". If the "kerning" bubble gadget is filled, then the character has kerning. To remove the character's kerning, click with the left mouse button on the "kerning" bubble gadget. The kerning information (6 bytes of information) is then removed from the character's font information. IX. Brush. Description: The term, brush, in Da Vinci refers to the piece of graphics that you are using to paint with. All brushes are actually rectangular in shape, but a color within the brush can be transparent (not drawn) so that the brush can appear to be any shape. For future reference, the transparent color is commonly referred to as the mask color. To cut a brush, select the cut brush option and move the mouse pointer onto the picture. Cross hairs will follow the mouse. Position the mouse pointer so that it points to either the top left corner or the bottom right corner of the graphics which you want to cut as the current brush. Press and hold down the left mouse button if you only want to copy the graphics as the current brush. Press and hold down the right mouse button if you want to actually "cut" the graphics off of the picture. When using the right mouse button, the graphics cut from the picture are replaced with either the fixed background (if there is a fixed background) or the background color. While holding down a mouse button, move the mouse pointer to the opposite corner of the graphics to cut. Release the mouse button. Selecting the brush submenu from the menu: The brush icon is the ninth icon from the left on the main strip of icons. To select the brush submenu, click with the right mouse button on the brush icon. Selecting to cut a brush from the menu: The brush icon is the ninth icon from the left on the main strip of icons. To select to cut a new brush, click with the left mouse button on the brush icon. Selecting to cut a brush from the keyboard: Pressing the 'B' key on the keyboard will select to cut a new brush. Pressing the 'B' key on the keyboard while holding down a shift key will select to carve a new brush. 1. Pen tips. Description: The pen tips are simple, pre-defined brushes. Selecting a pen tip will cause that pen tip to become the current brush. Selecting a pen tip from the free hand draw submenu: The available pen tips are shown at the top of the free hand draw submenu. To select to use a pen tip, click with the left mouse button on top of the desired pentip. Selecting a pen tip from the keyboard: Pressing the '.' key on the keyboard will select the single pixel pen tip. If you are currently using a pen tip, other pen tips can be selected by pressing either the 'X' or the 'Z' key on the keyboard. 2. Recolor brush. Description: The brush is really just a rectangular piece of graphics. The brush can be any clip of graphics, and is often multi-colored. Sometimes you may wish to draw with the brush's shape, but not with the brush's colors. This is done by clicking with the left mouse button on any of the palette colors on the main menu. If you wish to go back to the brush's own colors, then you must select the brush recolor option. Selecting the brush recolor option from the brush submenu: On the brush submenu, there is a "recolor" button. Click with the left mouse button on the "recolor" button. Selecting the brush recolor option from the keyboard: Pressing the 'N' key on the keyboard will select the recolor option. 3. Carve brush. Description: A brush is really just a rectangular clip of graphics; however, sometimes you may wish to cut a brush which is not rectangular in shape. The carve brush option allows you to cut brushes of odd shapes. To carve a brush, select the carve brush option. Next, position the mouse pointer onto the picture where you want to carve the brush. Press and hold down the left mouse button if you want to simply use a copy of the graphics of the picture as the current brush. Press and hold down the right mouse button if you want to actually "cut" the graphics off of the picture. When using the right mouse button, the graphics carved from the picture are replaced with either the fixed background (if there is a fixed background) or the background color. While holding down a mouse button, trace the outline of the graphics that you wish to cut. Lastly, release the mouse button. Selecting the carve brush option from the brush submenu: On the brush submenu there is a "carve" button. Click with the left mouse button on the "carve" button. Selecting the carve brush option from the keyboard: Pressing the 'B' key on the keyboard while holding down a shift key will select the carve brush option. 4. Set mouse grip. Description: The mouse grip is where the mouse pointer