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|||$la|$re|$th|$ce|Jupiter  |$ca|
$re|$ce|An excerpt from "The Solar System" QuizShare disk|$ca||
$ou|$ce|An Educational QuizPlus Program
|$ca|$ce|by Steven Reed Argyle
|$ca|$ce|1988
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$TPIC|solarsys
||$la|$re|$ce|Jupiter  |$ca|
     Jupiter is bigger and heavier than all the other planets 
combined.  1,300 earths could fit inside it.|
     Jupiter has been called "the star that failed", because if it 
had been a little bigger, it would have ignited internal nuclear 
reactions to become a small star.  As it is, Jupiter gives off its 
own heat.|$re|$sk|
     To see a diagram of Jupiter's location in the solar system, 
click on the "Picture" button.|$ca|
     Jupiter is
$th|$no| 484 million miles|$ca|$no| from the sun -- five times as 
far away as the earth.  It takes almost
$th|$no| 12 years |$ca|$no|to complete one 
orbit.
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$QPIC|solarsys|d|
     The diameter of Jupiter is
$th|$no| 89,000 miles|$ca|$no|, yet this massive 
planet spins around on its axis in only |$re|$th|$no|10 hours!|
$ca|     Therefore, a "day" on Jupiter would last 10 hours, and a 
"year" on Jupiter would be about:
|     A. 7 earth months
     B. 2 earth years
     C. 8 earth years
     D. 12 earth years
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$QPIC|jupiter|A
     Jupiter is formed mostly of
$th|$no| gases.|$ca|$no|  The planet is mostly|$th
hydrogen
$ca|$no| like the sun, with some helium.  Traces of methane, 
ammonia and water vapor are found.|
     On the surface of Jupiter are thick, colorful, constantly 
moving clouds.  As the pressure increases beneath these clouds, 
the gases condense into liquid.|$re|$sk|
     Click on "Picture" to see the planet Jupiter.|$ca|
     While the core of Jupiter may be iron like the earths, the 
planet is essentially a giant spinning ball of liquified gases.  
This interior "surface" of the planet rotates around once every:
|     A. 10 hours
     B. 5 days
     C. 33 months
     D. 12 years
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$TPIC|jupiter2|
     A famous cloud formation on Jupiter's surface is the
$re|$th|$no| Great 
Red Spot
$ca|$no|.  This is a tremendous hurricane within Jupiter's 
atmosphere which has existed for over 300 years.  It's about 
15,000 miles wide -- over twice the size of the earth.|$re|$sk|
     Click on "Picture" to see the Great Red Spot and cloud
formations on Jupiter.|$ca|
     The Great Red Spot travels around the planet about once every 
six days.  It varies in color.  The colors of Jupiter's clouds are 
due to various trace chemicals.
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$QPIC|jupiter2|B|
     Jupiter is composed mostly of:
|       A. helium
       B. hydrogen
       C. water
       D. methane
       E. carbon dioxide
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$TPIC|io|
     Jupiter has
$th|$no| 16 moons
$ca|$no|.  Io, Europa, Ganymede, and Callisto are 
the largest and brightest.  These moons were discovered by 
Galileo.|
     Io is brilliantly colored with red and yellow.  The colors 
are from sulfur compounds brought to the surface by Io's active 
volcanoes.  Io is the only moon known to have volcanoes.  It's 
about the same size as earth's moon.|$re|$sk|
     Click on "Picture" to see the moon Io.
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$TPIC|europa|||
     Europa is also about the same size.  Europa has a smooth icy 
surface, with streaks which appear to be cracks in the ice.|
     Beneath this icy surface is a slushy layer, with rock and ice
at the center.|$re|$sk|
     Click on "Picture" to see Europa.
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$TPIC|ganymede|
     Ganymede and Callisto are both slightly larger than Mercury, 
that is, larger than our moon, and about one-third the size of the 
earth.|
     Callisto appears very old, with multiple meteor craters.  Its 
surface appears much like our moon.|
     Ganymede looks younger than Callisto, with fewer meteor 
impact craters.|$re|$sk|
     Click on "Picture" to see Ganymede and Callisto.|$ca|
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$QPIC|ganymede|b|
     Europa, Callisto, and Ganymede seem to be formed of rock and 
ice.  Europa appears different because it has a complete crust of 
ice.  Io is different from the other moons, as it is formed of 
sulfur compounds and melted glass.|
     Io and Europa have no impact craters, whereas Callisto and 
Ganymede show meteor impact craters.|
     Why doesn't Io have meteor craters?|
       A. the ice fills them in
       B. volcanoes fill them in
       C. they can't be seen through the clouds
       D. Io is too young
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$QPIC|europa|b|
     Io is the only moon with active volcanoes.  The flow of 
melted sulfur compounds and silicate (glass) fill in any meteor 
craters.|
     Which moon of Jupiter has a surface showing lots of thin 
streaks?|
     A. Io
     B. Europa
     C. Callisto
     D. Ganymede
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$TPIC|europa|
     Europa's streaked surface seems to be cracks in the layer of 
ice which covers the surface.  Slush and rock lie beneath the ice 
layer.  Any meteor impacts would be simply filled back in by the 
ice.|
     Ganymede is the largest moon anywhere within the solar 
system, having a diameter of 3,271 miles.  It seems younger than 
Callisto, showing signs of "moonquakes" and volcanic activity 
about 3 billion years ago.|
     Jupiter also has a thin ring of debris surrounding it, 
although it's not visible through an ordinary telescope.
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$QUIZ|d|
|     Which is the largest moon of Jupiter?|
       A. Io
       B. Europa
       C. Callisto
       D. Ganymede
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$QUIZ|c|
|     Which moon of Jupiter appears most like our own moon?|
       A. Io
       B. Europa
       C. Callisto
       D. Ganymede
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|||||$re|$ou|$ce|*** END OF LESSON ***|$ca
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